Philadelphia Business Daily

What Modern Novel Should I Compare to Frankenstein/Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde? I need to compare a ‘classic’ novel to a modern equivalent which addresses similar issues and has similar themes. I have settled on either Frankenstein or The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. I would like to read both, so my decision boils down to which one I can find a better modern match for. So, I’m asking whether anyone can recommend a modern (published in the last 20 years) novel which addresses any or some of the following in a similar genre/context to the original: Frankenstein: •Social ostracism •Forbidden knowledge •The dangers of technology •The relationship between the ‘created’ and the ‘creator’ •‘God’ syndrome (messing with nature and the repercussions of raising humans above creation) •Monstrosity •The danger of secrecy/eschewing what is socially acceptable The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: •Forbidden knowledge •Duality of human nature (good and evil) •The conflict between civilised man and the ‘beast’ within •The importance of reputation •Violence against the innocent •Urban terror •Responsibility for one’s actions and under which situations the accountability of the individual will be called into question Any guidance would be really appreciated (and not only on the issues above – if you have any other themes I would love to hear them). I don’t mind which genre I read – I am more concerned with the quality of the book. Obviously science fiction and horror lend themselves well to the issues and context, but I’m open to suggestions. On the topic of context, the book does not need to have the same setting or time period, but a similar ‘feel’ would be good. Thanks

Please proof read and polish this up for me..? 1. Choice of topic: Being a Concordia student myself I can easily say that the school environment is a key place for connection and feelings of belonging to develop. This soon had me thinking about my research topic and I then found myself examining and researching issues around identity and academic success. This eventually/soon led to my choice of topic which focuses on Black racial identity and academic achievement. The issue that I will be focusing on deals with how positive relationships with teachers and peers influence Black students’ sense of school belongingness and academic achievement. This topic interests me very much because Concordia is a very diverse university with Blacks being one of many different cultural groups. Conducting this research will help me gain some useful insight on how Black racial identity influences and shapes academic achievement. In addition, Concordia University allows me to have access to a great diverse population of Black people to talk to and allows me to seek out information concerning their sense of belonging to their school environment and about their interactions with peers and teachers. I believe that my topic on Black racial identity and academic achievement is a sociological topic because sociology is the study of society and human social interaction. By examining Black racial identity and academic achievement I will be studying and looking at social interaction with other peers and teachers. Sociology also focuses on how and why people are organized in society, either as individuals or members of groups and institutions such as schools. 2. Feasibility: I believe that my research can be done at a 400 level and even though researching hundreds of people or conducting research that is heavily based on big expenses is not realistic there are other methods. The most commonly used method in social science research is the questionnaire. Interviews serve as another method and are intended to provide the individuality and complexity that questionnaires usually lack. As I mentioned earlier, it is not realistic to research hundreds of people but, I can however interview around 20 to 30 people which allows me to hear them describe their own lives in their own words, with all the uniqueness and richness that such descriptions make possible. In terms of the feasibility of my work, I am worried about people not wanting to be interviewed for my research or not taking me seriously. I plan on addressing these concerns by being persistent and constant with my field research. For instance, once I have my research participants and all of their contact information I will contact them by telephone which makes it a lot more private and confidential than by email and if they do not return my initial call I will try two to three more times. This shows persistence and perseverance. It should not be too difficult to access my research participants because once again, Concordia’s student body is very diverse making Black people one of many different cultural groups. One of my concerns dealt with the issue of my research participants not wanting to take part in my research and as I mentioned earlier, I will try my very best to be persistent. In addition, me being a student should make it a lot less intimidating and I would think that my research participants would see the experience as students helping students. 4. Situating your topic within the literature: Throughout this research I will be using one major theoretical approach. The approach that I will be using is symbolic interactionism. This theoretical perspective began with the German sociologist and economist, Max Weber (1864-1920) and the American philosopher, George H. Mead (1863-1931). Symbolic interactionism is a micro level analysis and is an ongoing process of social interaction. In addition, humans have an extensive and creative use of communication through symbols. The history and culture of communication can be traced through symbols and it is through symbols that meaning is associated with interpretation, action and interaction. Individuals and societies develop through people’s interaction through symbols. In addition, individuals develop a sense of themselves as they learn to see themselves the way they believe others see them. The last few statements clearly show how symbolic interactionism ties to my topic in that symbolic interactionism explores people’s interaction through symbols just as I will be exploring my research participants and their sense of belonging to school environment and their interactions with peers and teachers. Just as symbolic interactionism is an ongoing process of social interaction, Concordia’s university experience is also an ongoing process of social interaction. As of now, I have found 8 scholarly journal articles which all help in situation my work. Here is a detailed review and discussion of the 8 scholarly journal articles:

Can someone correct this for me and paste the corrected version? Can someone please correct this for me and paste the corrected version... I need someone to proof read it. Maybe you can polish it up for me. 1. Choice of topic: Being a Concordia student myself I can easily say that the school environment is a key place for connection and feelings of belonging to develop. This soon had me thinking about my research topic and I then found myself examining and researching issues around identity and academic success. This eventually/soon led to my choice of topic which focuses on Black racial identity and academic achievement. The issue that I will be focusing on deals with how positive relationships with teachers and peers influence Black students’ sense of school belongingness and academic achievement. This topic interests me very much because Concordia is a very diverse university with Blacks being one of many different cultural groups. Conducting this research will help me gain some useful insight on how Black racial identity influences and shapes academic achievement. In addition, Concordia University allows me to have access to a great diverse population of Black people to talk to and allows me to seek out information concerning their sense of belonging to their school environment and about their interactions with peers and teachers. I believe that my topic on Black racial identity and academic achievement is a sociological topic because sociology is the study of society and human social interaction. By examining Black racial identity and academic achievement I will be studying and looking at social interaction with other peers and teachers. Sociology also focuses on how and why people are organized in society, either as individuals or members of groups and institutions such as schools. 2. Feasibility: I believe that my research can be done at a 400 level and even though researching hundreds of people or conducting research that is heavily based on big expenses is not realistic there are other methods. The most commonly used method in social science research is the questionnaire. Interviews serve as another method and are intended to provide the individuality and complexity that questionnaires usually lack. As I mentioned earlier, it is not realistic to research hundreds of people but, I can however interview around 20 to 30 people which allows me to hear them describe their own lives in their own words, with all the uniqueness and richness that such descriptions make possible. In terms of the feasibility of my work, I am worried about people not wanting to be interviewed for my research or not taking me seriously. I plan on addressing these concerns by being persistent and constant with my field research. For instance, once I have my research participants and all of their contact information I will contact them by telephone which makes it a lot more private and confidential than by email and if they do not return my initial call I will try two to three more times. This shows persistence and perseverance. It should not be too difficult to access my research participants because once again, Concordia’s student body is very diverse making Black people one of many different cultural groups. One of my concerns dealt with the issue of my research participants not wanting to take part in my research and as I mentioned earlier, I will try my very best to be persistent. In addition, me being a student should make it a lot less intimidating and I would think that my research participants would see the experience as students helping students. 4. Situating your topic within the literature: Throughout this research I will be using one major theoretical approach. The approach that I will be using is symbolic interactionism. This theoretical perspective began with the German sociologist and economist, Max Weber (1864-1920) and the American philosopher, George H. Mead (1863-1931). Symbolic interactionism is a micro level analysis and is an ongoing process of social interaction. In addition, humans have an extensive and creative use of communication through symbols. The history and culture of communication can be traced through symbols and it is through symbols that meaning is associated with interpretation, action and interaction. Individuals and societies develop through people’s interaction through symbols. In addition, individuals develop a sense of themselves as they learn to see themselves the way they believe others see them. The last few statements clearly show how symbolic interactionism ties to my topic in that symbolic interactionism explores people’s interaction through symbols just as I will be exploring my research participants and their sense of belonging to school environment and their interactions with peers and teachers. Just as symbolic interactionism is an ongoing process of social interaction, Concordia’s university experience is also an ongoing process of social interaction. As of now, I have found 8 scholarly journal articles which all help in situation my

I'm looking for advice from college students or people with a knowledge of these classes. Can you help? I'm signing up for my college courses and I can't seem to decide what courses I want to take. If I had a bit more insight from some of you guys it would probably make my decision easier. Ethics and Society- Description: A thematic exploration of classical and modern theories of ethics along with current ethical issues confronting a diverse and comprehensive array of social institutions. Course themes will vary. Exactly what will the course be about? Has anyone taken a course like this? Global Issues- Description: A thematic course addressing contemporary global concerns from diverse perspectives. Course themes will vary. What do you think of this one? Another question as well... I've only taken Algebra 1 & 2, Geometry, Intro. to Statistics and Number Theory course. Should I take Intro to Mathematical Modeling or Precalculus? I'm a business major and it says for those majoring in science should take Precalculus. So would major in science mean Bachelors of Science which is what Business is...

Industrial Psychologist needs help with overinflated ego? Helloooooooo There :-) I was wondering if someone from the clinical side could provide me with some assistance with this problem i seem to have. I seem to have an over inflated ego... i.e. I think that i am better than everybody else and therefore I am having trouble keeping and maintaining relationships.. Let me give you a little background information in order to conceptualize the problem. I am currently busing with a masters degree in industrial psychology. At an undergraduate level I got an academic award for the top student in my faculty and my campus (B.com Behavioural Sciences). When i started with the Honours degree, i got this huge ego and didnt want to work with anybody in teams etc since i thought i knew everything and constantly argued with every one etc. I argue with them when im "right" and even when I am "wrong" i still argue. This does not just happen in an academic sense but also in my personal life... I argue with eevery one and sometimes (and i am very ashamed of this, yet i still keep on with it) I use my IQ score (because most ppl still believe that an IQ refers to how "smart" you are and not just to the speed in which u process information...so i exploit this) and even say things like (quite often) "Well, being a MASTERS STUDENT i feel that i know a biiiiiiiiiit more than you on this topic etc etc etc" ( and i am actually very ashamed that I exert that type of behaviour. As you might know, this does not go down well with my peers. I attribute this behaviour to the fact that we moved around alot (14 primary schools and 2 high schools) which manifested in an inability to form lasting relationships. My mother is a paranoid schizophrenic and i think i inherited that tendency (not to that extent though but i am always trying to determine a motive for an action). During early child hood and into late adolescence I exerted a lot of anti-social behaviour (before the age of 18 it's referred to as "conduct disorder which after the age of 18 manifests in anti-social personality disorder). I am also very ashamed of this fact, since its a part of myself which i hate so much! I also diagnosed myself with Borderline personality disorder as well as narcissistic personality disorder. For those of you with some experience in psychometrics, on the MBTI I am an INTP and the Primary en secondary factors on the 16 PF i will paste right after this discussion.... I recently wrote my own report so feel free to read it. as a result of the integration between these different disorders and my exerted behaviour i have a trouble forming a lasting and meaningful human relationship... To be frank, I currently have no "friends" and i have a destructive relationship with my mother and her husband. This all in all manifests in major depressive episodes, which i contribute to the loneliness. I do have a few "online" friends though but i think its because we have much in common. Is there anyway in which i could address this issue, since i will not be an effective I/O psychologist (or "intern" till i register) when I graduate in a few months? ============================ FIRST ORDER FACTORS Factor A: Sociality / Warmth (5) Factor B: Intelligence / Reasoning (7) Factor C: Emotional Stability (1) Factor E: Dominance (10) Factor F: Liveliness (3) Factor G: Rule-Consciousness (5) Factor H: Social boldness (5) Factor I: Emotional Sensitivity (10) Factor L: Vigilance (4) Factor M: Abstractedness (10) Factor N: Privateness (7) Factor O: Apprehension (7) Factor Q1: Openness to Change (10) Factor Q2: Self-Reliance (7) Factor Q3: Perfectionism (5) Factor Q4: Tension (8) SECOND ORDER FACTORS Factor I: Introversion vs. Extraversion (5.4) Factor II: Adaptation vs. Anxiety (5) Factor III: Emotional sensitivity (8.3) Factor IV: Independence (8.6) Factor V: Compulsivity (5.7) Factor VI: Tough Poise (2.7) Is there anybody that could help me with this problem or to act as a mentor in order to facilitate the development of a sense of "wellness"?

Philosophy Classes for Law School? I am a Political Science major. I love it. I love politics. I want to go to law school. I plan on taking Stats, Public Speaking, Micro and Macro Economics. I also want to take some free electives, as well as some Philosophy classes. What philosophy classes would be good? What will prep me for the LSAT? Valid Reasoning I-An introduction to formal techniques for determining the validity of deductive arguments. These techniques are adequate for dealing with complex arguments involving multiple quantification. Classical Ethics I-How should human beings lead their lives? How does Right differ from Wrong? Good from Bad? What is Virtue? In this course we introduce and critically evaluate the attempts of several major Western philosophers to answer these and related questions. The goal is to uncover the strengths and weaknesses of their views in order to help the student to understand better the nature of morality, and to develop the skills and background necessary for independent thought on these matters Business Ethics-This course investigates moral dilemmas which arise for business persons, and critically evaluates attempts to resolve these dilemmas. The responsibilities of business and persons in business vis a vis such things as: employee health and welfare, profitability, company loyalty, product safety and reliability, marketing techniques, the environment, and self-regulation will be illustrated and investigated through the examination of real cases which have arisen in business contexts. More general ethical issues relevant to the resolution of these dilemmas will also be investigated, for example, the nature of right, wrong and justice, and the moral foundations of capitalism. Social Philosophy-Some conception of society is presupposed by every political philosophy and ethical theory. In this course alternative conceptions of society and their relations to political philosophy and ethical theory will be critically examined. Special attention will be given to the ideas and theoretical placement of individuality, community, work and family. Philosophy of Law--This course is a critical philosophical examination of the nature and function of law, legal practices and institutions, and legal reasoning. Some of the following questions will be addressed in the course: What is law? What is its proper function? How are our own legal practices and institutions related to this function? Are there better alternatives? How is legality related to morality? Special attention will be given to the conceptual and moral foundations of alternative accounts of the nature, justification, interpretation, and limits of law.

Is this proof illegal aliens can vote in Calif Latinos pledge opposition to proposed voter ID law? On election day, you show up to the polls, give your name and address and proceed to cast your vote. High desert state Sen. George Runner wants to add a step to that process: showing your drivers license. Runner, R-Lancaster, has proposed a ballot initiative that, if approved by California voters in November 2010, would require voters to show a drivers license or other government-issued photo ID before being given a ballot. Local latino leaders said the initiative could create problems and is a clear attempt at supressing latino voters. "People see the writing on the wall," said Gil Navarro, a latino activist and member of the San Bernardino County Board of Education. "They see ... that the demographics are changing, that the latino population is increasing and becoming more politically astute. They're becoming registered voters, and that's scaring people like Runner." Runner said there's no motive behind the initiative beyond ensuring the sanctity of the state's electoral process and enfranchising more of the state's military personnel. Along with requiring voters to show ID at the polls, Runner's VoteSAFE initiative would require the DMV to issue photo IDs to voters who cannot afford a drivers license and allow more time for absentee ballots from troops overseas to be counted. "I don't get the idea that someone would be supressed if all they have to do is walk to the DMV," Runner said. "And the people who live in our society without IDs, that begs the question, should they be voting?" He noted that, when registering to vote, voters are already required to provide either a California drivers license number or the last four digits of their social security number. To be placed on the November 2010 ballot, Runner and other VoteSAFE proponents will have until May 6 to gather about 434,000 signatures from registered California voters. Proponents haven't started circulationg petitions yet because of a potential legal battle with the state attorney general's office. VoteSAFE hasn't received financial backing, but Runner has a track record of getting initiatives on the ballot. He was one of the authors of 2008's Safe Neighborhoods Act, which made it to the ballot and failed, and 2006's lamdmark Jessica's Law, which passed. The initiative's opponents have called VoteSAFE a "solution looking for a problem," saying there's no evidence of widespread fraud involving people posing as other voters at polling places - the kind of fraud the initiative would prevent. But Runner said there's no evidence - other than anecodtal evidence about votes from the deceased - because it's a difficult crime to investigate and prosecute, not because it never happens. "It isn't rocket science to commit voter fraud in California," he said. "You go to the polling place, you find someone's name that doesn't have a line through it and you say you're that person. There's no requirement to demonstrate you're that person." Once such a crime occurs, Runner said, it's difficult or impossible to know who the fraudlent voter was. "District attorneys, with limited resources, are not going to go after these people," Runner said. Bobbi Jo Chavarria, a member of the ACORN organizing committee in Fontana and a candidate for mayor in that city, said VoteSAFE could lead to racial profiling at the polls. "If you're walking in with blond hair and blue eyes, you might not get ID'd," she said. "But if you're a person of color or you have a Spanish surname, you're definiting going to be (asked for ID)." She said the initiative's "sole purpose is to disenfranchise voters." Along with possible profiling, she said it could slow the voting process down, making it more difficult or onerous for people who vote on their way to work. And Navarro said the proposed law raises other concerns, such as whether poll workers would have the authority to reject a voter because of an old photo or a misspelled name. "It's ludicrous," Navarro said. "And we in the latino community will do everything to ensure that it doesn't get on the ballot, or will fail if it does." http://www.sbsun.com/news/ci_13996718

Is this essay good enough for UCLA? ? John F Kennedy quotes “Public speaking is the art of diluting a two-minute idea with a two-hour vocabulary.” I agree with him in every aspect. I am obliged to the all mighty for endowing me with this special ability of public speaking. I was never nervous about the thought of public speaking and i presume that this ability of mine is what puts me in the place where i am and makes me what i am. It was this ability that made my relationships built my social foundations. Since the day i remember when i first talked in the presence of a audience i never had any feeling of Stage fear. Growing up in a place where public speaking was not a part of syllabus or a practice that must be perfected to succeed i always wonder how i have achieved this ability. The first time i remember publicly speaking was when i was in my home country India, I had to explain my science project to a populous of high school students who i instantly recognized had no interest in any of the facts of fiction I was about to utter. They i knew were forced by their teachers to watch my presentation. I also knew that i will be burlesqued for the next 15 minute during which i would be addressing a number of students about something they did not want to hear about. I went on to the stage thinking that everything will be fine. I reached out to my experiment and started out. In no later than 10 seconds i was talking about something that was not materialistically present in the paper i held in my hand for referece but still had relevance to that issue. My mouth was overflowing with execcelent vocabulary and all i can see from mypoint of view is a spell bounding scene of about 100 people looking at nothing but me. Listneing to what i was saying. I always associated my mouths peculiar behaviour with what my eyes saw at that movement. I felt a huge gush of self-astisfaction, I scontinued my brief explanaing for more than the time i should. Then my partner's turn came to expalin his part of the experiment and i was really suprised to see that he was conquered by stage fear and could not put anything out of his mouth. I took on the microphione understanding the situation and the signal from my colleges eyes. I still had the momentum and i completed the presentaion. All the sudents were asking questions in no time about the experiment. I amintained my flow and after answeiing about ten questions i made sure that my audience was satisfied i took leave from the spotlight. This the definite reason for my consent to the statement by President Kennedy. I prolonged the simple idea of the experiment into a spellbinding speech. After and hour and a presentation ceremony for the winners i was holding a trophy in my hand. I always knew that I would not have been awarded with the trophy if it was not for my presentation. I had another similar experience when in to USA. This time i had to present on my career decision. i did not prepare for this speech at all. Then my turn came and i would be graded on the the length of the time i spoke. I had nothing in my mind except for the topic. I went to the front and started by saying my name. Once again my mouth started to say thing that i never thought of saying. i was controlling the class in no time. Everyone was looking at me asking questions, discussing about what i was saying. I explained every possible subject about my chosen career. I liked the feeling. I did not keep track of the time. I just could see nothing but the fellow students of my class looking at me as thou i am a preacher and preaching them important and interesting things in their life. At last i got out of my trance and ended it. I was amazed to know that i spoke ten minutes more than the next person in my class. That is how i publicized my self. That is how i made friends. That speech may be a simple one but that helped me a lot to fit in. These are only two of the many occasions where my ability to speak fluently in public aided me. This gave me the confidence to debate in any appropriate situation. It put me forward in many situations and showed me a reason to educate myself independent of the subject's benefit to me. This quality puts me forth and i believe that this is the one that made the person i am now academically and socially.

s "Hypocrisy Among People" a social science topic that addresses an issue of Humanness? TYPO: Is "Hypocrisy Among People"

What program was established to address issues associated with the data generated by the Human Genome Project? What program was established to address issues associated with the data generated by the Human Genome Project? A) Ethical, Legal and Social Implications program B) National Institutes of Health C) National Science Foundation D) No Child Left Behind program

How did Disneyland deal with racism and segregation in the 1950s? I'm curious how the park, when it first opened, addressed these issues of diversity and inclusion. I know the park opened before the Civil Rights Acts of the 1960s. For those of you who went to the park in the 1950s, were there "cast members" of all races? Do you remember what steps were taken to make all visitors, of every racial and ethnic background, feel welcome? [Sorry for posting this again in another category, but under "Social Science" I didn't get any answers from actual attendees or with any references or authority. Can any of you help?] Obviously this is a serious question, can you reply with a serious answer or not at all, please? Putting question to a vote since there are no answers with any references or personal experiences from the 1950s. Oops, sorry, didn't see CC's amended answer

EMERGENCy!!!!!!!!? Is "Hypocrisy Among People" a social science topic that addresses an issue of Humanness?

Can someong please answer a few questions on climate change i have? 10 point reward? How can science be applied to address the issue of climate change? What can we do about the effects of climate change? What are tje limitations of science to solve the problems of climate change? How do these sientific sollutions for climate change interact with economic, political, social, enviromental, cultural and ethical factors? please list the refrances. plz plz plz answer!!

Laws and politics to help single parents and abused parents? I am currently a social science student who would love to be involved in projects to widen my experience in helping single parents and people in abusive relationships. I know that one person can not change the world but collectively we can and so can anyone point me in the direction of any web sites or addresses of any organisations I can contact to get my feet off the ground, I'm very keen to get moving on these issues! Thanks.

Psychology homework help!? 1)Given the findings of a human behavior study, such as a study of the relationship between salary and job satisfaction, apply the empirical research approach to defining, analyzing, evaluating, and formulating an ethical solution to the given problem or research question. 2)Given a contemporary research question or issue in the social sciences, such as the question of whether addictive behaviors can be linked to genetic heritage, assess the key theoretical perspectives related to the problem or issue and select the perspectives that best address the problem or issue.

Does age awareness need to be addressed on Yahoo Answers? Teens are being given the wrong answers because people don't know they are children. I do not wish to make it easy for people to target children. I wish to make sure the kids aren't abused over stupid questions or answers. If we are going to have an open community the answers will be different for children and adults in the social sciences. Please vote in the suggestion forum for this important issue. Have you seen a need for this feature? http://suggestions.yahoo.com/?prop=answers

Do you belong to the "new Church of Global Warming"? "Aliens Cause Global Warming" A lecture by Michael Crichton California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA January 17, 2003 My topic today sounds humorous but unfortunately I am serious. I am going to argue that extraterrestrials lie behind global warming. Or to speak more precisely, I will argue that a belief in extraterrestrials has paved the way, in a progression of steps, to a belief in global warming. Charting this progression of belief will be my task today. Let me say at once that I have no desire to discourage anyone from believing in either extraterrestrials or global warming. That would be quite impossible to do. Rather, I want to discuss the history of several widely-publicized beliefs and to point to what I consider an emerging crisis in the whole enterprise of science-namely the increasingly uneasy relationship between hard science and public policy. I have a special interest in this because of my own upbringing. I was born in the midst of World War II, and passed my formative years at the height of the Cold War. In school drills, I dutifully crawled under my desk in preparation for a nuclear attack. It was a time of widespread fear and uncertainty, but even as a child I believed that science represented the best and greatest hope for mankind. Even to a child, the contrast was clear between the world of politics-a world of hate and danger, of irrational beliefs and fears, of mass manipulation and disgraceful blots on human history. In contrast, science held different values-international in scope, forging friendships and working relationships across national boundaries and political systems, encouraging a dispassionate habit of thought, and ultimately leading to fresh knowledge and technology that would benefit all mankind. The world might not be avery good place, but science would make it better. And it did. In my lifetime, science has largely fulfilled its promise. Science has been the great intellectual adventure of our age, and a great hope for our troubled and restless world. But I did not expect science merely to extend lifespan, feed the hungry, cure disease, and shrink the world with jets and cell phones. I also expected science to banish the evils of human thought---prejudice and superstition, irrational beliefs and false fears. I expected science to be, in Carl Sagan's memorable phrase, "a candle in a demon haunted world." And here, I am not so pleased with the impact of science. Rather than serving as a cleansing force, science has in some instances been seduced by the more ancient lures of politics and publicity. Some of the demons that haunt our world in recent years are invented by scientists. The world has not benefited from permitting these demons to escape free. But let's look at how it came to pass. Cast your minds back to 1960. John F. Kennedy is president, commercial jet airplanes are just appearing, the biggest university mainframes have 12K of memory. And in Green Bank, West Virginia at the new National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a young astrophysicist named Frank Drake runs a two week project called Ozma, to search for extraterrestrial signals. A signal is received, to great excitement. It turns out to be false, but the excitement remains. In 1960, Drake organizes the first SETI conference, and came up with the now-famous Drake equation: N=N*fp ne fl fi fc fL Where N is the number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy; fp is the fraction with planets; ne is the number of planets per star capable of supporting life; fl is the fraction of planets where life evolves; fi is the fraction where intelligent life evolves; and fc is the fraction that communicates; and fL is the fraction of the planet's life during which the communicating civilizations live. This serious-looking equation gave SETI an serious footing as a legitimate intellectual inquiry. The problem, of course, is that none of the terms can be known, and most cannot even be estimated. The only way to work the equation is to fill in with guesses. And guesses-just so we're clear-are merely expressions of prejudice. Nor can there be "informed guesses." If you need to state how many planets with life choose to communicate, there is simply no way to make an informed guess. It's simply prejudice. As a result, the Drake equation can have any value from "billions and billions" to zero. An expression that can mean anything means nothing. Speaking precisely, the Drake equation is literally meaningless, and has nothing to do with science. I take the hard view that science involves the creation of testable hypotheses. The Drake equation cannot be tested and therefore SETI is not science. SETI is unquestionably a religion. Faith is defined as the firm belief in something for which there is no proof. The belief that the Koran is the word of God is a matter of faith. The belief that God created the universe in seven days is a matter of faith. The belief that there are other life forms in the universe is a matter of faith. There is not a single shred of evidence for any other life forms, and in forty years of searching, none has been discovered. There is absolutely no evidentiary reason to maintain this belief. SETI is a religion. One way to chart the cooling of enthusiasm is to review popular works on the subject. In 1964, at the height of SETI enthusiasm, Walter Sullivan of the NY Times wrote an exciting book about life in the universe entitled WE ARE NOT ALONE. By 1995, when Paul Davis wrote a book on the same subject, he titled it ARE WE ALONE? ( Since 1981, there have in fact been four books titled ARE WE ALONE.) More recently we have seen the rise of the so-called "Rare Earth" theory which suggests that we may, in fact, be all alone. Again, there is no evidence either way. Back in the sixties, SETI had its critics, although not among astrophysicists and astronomers. The biologists and paleontologists were harshest. George Gaylord Simpson of Harvard sneered that SETI was a "study without a subject," and it remains so to the present day. But scientists in general have been indulgent toward SETI, viewing it either with bemused tolerance, or with indifference. After all, what's the big deal? It's kind of fun. If people want to look, let them. Only a curmudgeon would speak harshly of SETI. It wasn't worth the bother. And of course it is true that untestable theories may have heuristic value. Of course extraterrestrials are a good way to teach science to kids. But that does not relieve us of the obligation to see the Drake equation clearly for what it is-pure speculation in quasi-scientific trappings. The fact that the Drake equation was not greeted with screams of outrage-similar to the screams of outrage that greet each Creationist new claim, for example-meant that now there was a crack in the door, a loosening of the definition of what constituted legitimate scientific procedure. And soon enough, pernicious garbage began to squeeze through the cracks. Now let's jump ahead a decade to the 1970s, and Nuclear Winter. In 1975, the National Academy of Sciences reported on "Long-Term Worldwide Effects of Multiple Nuclear Weapons Detonations" but the report estimated the effect of dust from nuclear blasts to be relatively minor. In 1979, the Office of Technology Assessment issued a report on "The Effects of Nuclear War" and stated that nuclear war could perhaps produce irreversible adverse consequences on the environment. However, because the scientific processes involved were poorly understood, the report stated it was not possible to estimate the probable magnitude of such damage. Three years later, in 1982, the Swedish Academy of Sciences commissioned a report entitled "The Atmosphere after a Nuclear War: Twilight at Noon," which attempted to quantify the effect of smoke from burning forests and cities. The authors speculated that there would be so much smoke that a large cloud over the northern hemisphere would reduce incoming sunlight below the level required for photosynthesis, and that this would last for weeks or even longer. The following year, five scientists including Richard Turco and Carl Sagan published a paper in Science called "Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions." This was the so-called TTAPS report, which attempted to quantify more rigorously the atmospheric effects, with the added credibility to be gained from an actual computer model of climate. At the heart of the TTAPS undertaking was another equation, never specifically expressed, but one that could be paraphrased as follows: Ds = Wn Ws Wh Tf Tb Pt Pr Pe… etc (The amount of tropospheric dust=# warheads x size warheads x warhead detonation height x flammability of targets x Target burn duration x Particles entering the Troposphere x Particle reflectivity x Particle endurance…and so on.) The similarity to the Drake equation is striking. As with the Drake equation, none of the variables can be determined. None at all. The TTAPS study addressed this problem in part by mapping out different wartime scenarios and assigning numbers to some of the variables, but even so, the remaining variables were-and are-simply unknowable. Nobody knows how much smoke will be generated when cities burn, creating particles of what kind, and for how long. No one knows the effect of local weather conditions on the amount of particles that will be injected into the troposphere. No one knows how long the particles will remain in the troposphere. And so on. And remember, this is only four years after the OTA study concluded that the underlying scientific processes were so poorly known that no estimates could be reliably made. Nevertheless, the TTAPS study not only made those estimates, but concluded they were catastrophic. According to Sagan and his coworkers, even a limited 5,000 megaton nuclear exchange would cause a global temperature drop of more than 35 degrees Centigrade, and this change would last for three months. The greatest volcanic eruptions that we know of changed world temperatures somewhere between .5 and 2 degrees Centigrade. Ice ages changed global temperatures by 10 degrees. Here we have an estimated change three times greater than any ice age. One might expect it to be the subject of some dispute. But Sagan and his coworkers were prepared, for nuclear winter was from the outset the subject of a well-orchestrated media campaign. The first announcement of nuclear winter appeared in an article by Sagan in the Sunday supplement, Parade. The very next day, a highly-publicized, high-profile conference on the long-term consequences of nuclear war was held in Washington, chaired by Carl Sagan and Paul Ehrlich, the most famous and media-savvy scientists of their generation. Sagan appeared on the Johnny Carson show 40 times. Ehrlich was on 25 times. Following the conference, there were press conferences, meetings with congressmen, and so on. The formal papers in Science came months later. This is not the way science is done, it is the way products are sold. The real nature of the conference is indicated by these artists' renderings of the the effect of nuclear winter. I cannot help but quote the caption for figure 5: "Shown here is a tranquil scene in the north woods. A beaver has just completed its dam, two black bears forage for food, a swallow-tailed butterfly flutters in the foreground, a loon swims quietly by, and a kingfisher searches for a tasty fish." Hard science if ever there was. At the conference in Washington, during the question period, Ehrlich was reminded that after Hiroshima and Nagasaki, scientists were quoted as saying nothing would grow there for 75 years, but in fact melons were growing the next year. So, he was asked, how accurate were these findings now? Ehrlich answered by saying "I think they are extremely robust. Scientists may have made statements like that, although I cannot imagine what their basis would have been, even with the state of science at that time, but scientists are always making absurd statements, individually, in various places. What we are doing here, however, is presenting a consensus of a very large group of scientists…" I want to pause here and talk about this notion of consensus, and the rise of what has been called consensus science. I regard consensus science as an extremely pernicious development that ought to be stopped cold in its tracks. Historically, the claim of consensus has been the first refuge of scoundrels; it is a way to avoid debate by claiming that the matter is already settled. Whenever you hear the consensus of scientists agrees on something or other, reach for your wallet, because you're being had. Let's be clear: the work of science has nothing whatever to do with consensus. Consensus is the business of politics. Science, on the contrary, requires only one investigator who happens to be right, which means that he or she has results that are verifiable by reference to the real world. In science consensus is irrelevant. What is relevant is reproducible results. The greatest scientists in history are great precisely because they broke with the consensus. There is no such thing as consensus science. If it's consensus, it isn't science. If it's science, it isn't consensus. Period. In addition, let me remind you that the track record of the consensus is nothing to be proud of. Let's review a few cases. In past centuries, the greatest killer of women was fever following childbirth . One woman in six died of this fever. In 1795, Alexander Gordon of Aberdeen suggested that the fevers were infectious processes, and he was able to cure them. The consensus said no. In 1843, Oliver Wendell Holmes claimed puerperal fever was contagious, and presented compellng evidence. The consensus said no. In 1849, Semmelweiss demonstrated that sanitary techniques virtually eliminated puerperal fever in hospitals under his management. The consensus said he was a Jew, ignored him, and dismissed him from his post. There was in fact no agreement on puerperal fever until the start of the twentieth century. Thus the consensus took one hundred and twenty five years to arrive at the right conclusion despite the efforts of the prominent "skeptics" around the world, skeptics who were demeaned and ignored. And despite the constant ongoing deaths of women. There is no shortage of other examples. In the 1920s in America, tens of thousands of people, mostly poor, were dying of a disease called pellagra. The consensus of scientists said it was infectious, and what was necessary was to find the "pellagra germ." The US government asked a brilliant young investigator, Dr. Joseph Goldberger, to find the cause. Goldberger concluded that diet was the crucial factor. The consensus remained wedded to the germ theory. Goldberger demonstrated that he could induce the disease through diet. He demonstrated that the disease was not infectious by injecting the blood of a pellagra patient into himself, and his assistant. They and other volunteers swabbed their noses with swabs from pellagra patients, and swallowed capsules containing scabs from pellagra rashes in what were called "Goldberger's filth parties." Nobody contracted pellagra. The consensus continued to disagree with him. There was, in addition, a social factor-southern States disliked the idea of poor diet as the cause, because it meant that social reform was required. They continued to deny it until the 1920s. Result-despite a twentieth century epidemic, the consensus took years to see the light. Probably every schoolchild notices that South America and Africa seem to fit together rather snugly, and Alfred Wegener proposed, in 1912, that the continents had in fact drifted apart. The consensus sneered at continental drift for fifty years. The theory was most vigorously denied by the great names of geology-until 1961, when it began to seem as if the sea floors were spreading. The result: it took the consensus fifty years to acknowledge what any schoolchild sees. And shall we go on? The examples can be multiplied endlessly. Jenner and smallpox, Pasteur and germ theory. Saccharine, margarine, repressed memory, fiber and colon cancer, hormone replacement therap6y…the list of consensus errors goes on and on. Finally, I would remind you to notice where the claim of consensus is invoked. Consensus is invoked only in situations where the science is not solid enough. Nobody says the consensus of scientists agrees that E=mc2. Nobody says the consensus is that the sun is 93 million miles away. It would never occur to anyone to speak that way. But back to our main subject. What I have been suggesting to you is that nuclear winter was a meaningless formula, tricked out with bad science, for policy ends. It was political from the beginning, promoted in a well-orchestrated media campaign that had to be planned weeks or months in advance. Further evidence of the political nature of the whole project can be found in the response to criticism. Although Richard Feynman was characteristically blunt, saying, "I really don't think these guys know what they're talking about," other prominent scientists were noticeably reticent. Freeman Dyson was quoted as saying "It's an absolutely atrocious piece of science but…who wants to be accused of being in favor of nuclear war?" And Victor Weisskopf said, "The science is terrible but---perhaps the psychology is good." The nuclear winter team followed up the publication of such comments with letters to the editors denying that these statements were ever made, though the scientists since then have subsequently confirmed their views. At the time, there was a concerted desire on the part of lots of people to avoid nuclear war. If nuclear winter looked awful, why investigate too closely? Who wanted to disagree? Only people like Edward Teller, the "father of the H bomb." Teller said, "While it is generally recognized that details are still uncertain and deserve much more study, Dr. Sagan nevertheless has taken the position that the whole scenario is so robust that there can be little doubt about its main conclusions." Yet for most people, the fact that nuclear winter was a scenario riddled with uncertainties did not seem to be relevant. I say it is hugely relevant. Once you abandon strict adherence to what science tells us, once you start arranging the truth in a press conference, then anything is possible. In one context, maybe you will get some mobilization against nuclear war. But in another context, you get Lysenkoism. In another, you get Nazi euthanasia. The danger is always there, if you subvert science to political ends. That is why it is so important for the future of science that the line between what science can say with certainty, and what it cannot, be drawn clearly-and defended. What happened to Nuclear Winter? As the media glare faded, its robust scenario appeared less persuasive; John Maddox, editor of Nature, repeatedly criticized its claims; within a year, Stephen Schneider, one of the leading figures in the climate model, began to speak of "nuclear autumn." It just didn't have the same ring. A final media embarrassment came in 1991, when Carl Sagan predicted on Nightline that Kuwaiti oil fires would produce a nuclear winter effect, causing a "year without a summer," and endangering crops around the world. Sagan stressed this outcome was so likely that "it should affect the war plans." None of it happened. What, then, can we say were the lessons of Nuclear Winter? I believe the lesson was that with a catchy name, a strong policy position and an aggressive media campaign, nobody will dare to criticize the science, and in short order, a terminally weak thesis will be established as fact. After that, any criticism becomes beside the point. The war is already over without a shot being fired. That was the lesson, and we had a textbook application soon afterward, with second hand smoke. In 1993, the EPA announced that second-hand smoke was "responsible for approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths each year in nonsmoking adults," and that it " impairs the respiratory health of hundreds of thousands of people." In a 1994 pamphlet the EPA said that the eleven studies it based its decision on were not by themselves conclusive, and that they collectively assigned second-hand smoke a risk factor of 1.19. (For reference, a risk factor below 3.0 is too small for action by the EPA. or for publication in the New England Journal of Medicine, for example.) Furthermore, since there was no statistical association at the 95% confidence limits, the EPA lowered the limit to 90%. They then classified second hand smoke as a Group A Carcinogen. This was openly fraudulent science, but it formed the basis for bans on smoking in restaurants, offices, and airports. California banned public smoking in 1995. Soon, no claim was too extreme. By 1998, the Christian Science Monitor was saying that "Second-hand smoke is the nation's third-leading preventable cause of death." The American Cancer Society announced that 53,000 people died each year of second-hand smoke. The evidence for this claim is nonexistent. In 1998, a Federal judge held that the EPA had acted improperly, had "committed to a conclusion before research had begun", and had "disregarded information and made findings on selective information." The reaction of Carol Browner, head of the EPA was: "We stand by our science….there's wide agreement. The American people certainly recognize that exposure to second hand smoke brings…a whole host of health problems." Again, note how the claim of consensus trumps science. In this case, it isn't even a consensus of scientists that Browner evokes! It's the consensus of the American people. Meanwhile, ever-larger studies failed to confirm any association. A large, seven-country WHO study in 1998 found no association. Nor have well-controlled subsequent studies, to my knowledge. Yet we now read, for example, that second hand smoke is a cause of breast cancer. At this point you can say pretty much anything you want about second-hand smoke. As with nuclear winter, bad science is used to promote what most people would consider good policy. I certainly think it is. I don't want people smoking around me. So who will speak out against banning second-hand smoke? Nobody, and if you do, you'll be branded a shill of RJ Reynolds. A big tobacco flunky. But the truth is that we now have a social policy supported by the grossest of superstitions. And we've given the EPA a bad lesson in how to behave in the future. We've told them that cheating is the way to succeed. As the twentieth century drew to a close, the connection between hard scientific fact and public policy became increasingly elastic. In part this was possible because of the complacency of the scientific profession; in part because of the lack of good science education among the public; in part, because of the rise of specialized advocacy groups which have been enormously effective in getting publicity and shaping policy; and in great part because of the decline of the media as an independent assessor of fact. The deterioration of the American media is dire loss for our country. When distinguished institutions like the New York Times can no longer differentiate between factual content and editorial opinion, but rather mix both freely on their front page, then who will hold anyone to a higher standard? And so, in this elastic anything-goes world where science-or non-science-is the hand maiden of questionable public policy, we arrive at last at global warming. It is not my purpose here to rehash the details of this most magnificent of the demons haunting the world. I would just remind you of the now-familiar pattern by which these things are established. Evidentiary uncertainties are glossed over in the unseemly rush for an overarching policy, and for grants to support the policy by delivering findings that are desired by the patron. Next, the isolation of those scientists who won't get with the program, and the characterization of those scientists as outsiders and "skeptics" in quotation marks-suspect individuals with suspect motives, industry flunkies, reactionaries, or simply anti-environmental nutcases. In short order, debate ends, even though prominent scientists are uncomfortable about how things are being done. When did "skeptic" become a dirty word in science? When did a skeptic require quotation marks around it? To an outsider, the most significant innovation in the global warming controversy is the overt reliance that is being placed on models. Back in the days of nuclear winter, computer models were invoked to add weight to a conclusion: "These results are derived with the help of a computer model." But now large-scale computer models are seen as generating data in themselves. No longer are models judged by how well they reproduce data from the real world-increasingly, models provide the data. As if they were themselves a reality. And indeed they are, when we are projecting forward. There can be no observational data about the year 2100. There are only model runs. This fascination with computer models is something I understand very well. Richard Feynmann called it a disease. I fear he is right. Because only if you spend a lot of time looking at a computer screen can you arrive at the complex point where the global warming debate now stands. Nobody believes a weather prediction twelve hours ahead. Now we're asked to believe a prediction that goes out 100 years into the future? And make financial investments based on that prediction? Has everybody lost their minds? Stepping back, I have to say the arrogance of the modelmakers is breathtaking. There have been, in every century, scientists who say they know it all. Since climate may be a chaotic system-no one is sure-these predictions are inherently doubtful, to be polite. But more to the point, even if the models get the science spot-on, they can never get the sociology. To predict anything about the world a hundred years from now is simply absurd. Look: If I was selling stock in a company that I told you would be profitable in 2100, would you buy it? Or would you think the idea was so crazy that it must be a scam? Let's think back to people in 1900 in, say, New York. If they worried about people in 2000, what would they worry about? Probably: Where would people get enough horses? And what would they do about all the horseshit? Horse pollution was bad in 1900, think how much worse it would be a century later, with so many more people riding horses? But of course, within a few years, nobody rode horses except for sport. And in 2000, France was getting 80% its power from an energy source that was unknown in 1900. Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and Japan were getting more than 30% from this source, unknown in 1900. Remember, people in 1900 didn't know what an atom was. They didn't know its structure. They also didn't know what a radio was, or an airport, or a movie, or a television, or a computer, or a cell phone, or a jet, an antibiotic, a rocket, a satellite, an MRI, ICU, IUD, IBM, IRA, ERA, EEG, EPA, IRS, DOD, PCP, HTML, internet. interferon, instant replay, remote sensing, remote control, speed dialing, gene therapy, gene splicing, genes, spot welding, heat-seeking, bipolar, prozac, leotards, lap dancing, email, tape recorder, CDs, airbags, plastic explosive, plastic, robots, cars, liposuction, transduction, superconduction, dish antennas, step aerobics, smoothies, twelve-step, ultrasound, nylon, rayon, teflon, fiber optics, carpal tunnel, laser surgery, laparoscopy, corneal transplant, kidney transplant, AIDS… None of this would have meant anything to a person in the year 1900. They wouldn't know what you are talking about. Now. You tell me you can predict the world of 2100. Tell me it's even worth thinking about. Our models just carry the present into the future. They're bound to be wrong. Everybody who gives a moment's thought knows it. I remind you that in the lifetime of most scientists now living, we have already had an example of dire predictions set aside by new technology. I refer to the green revolution. In 1960, Paul Ehrlich said, "The battle to feed humanity is over. In the 1970s the world will undergo famines-hundreds of millions of people are going to starve to death." Ten years later, he predicted four billion people would die during the 1980s, including 65 million Americans. The mass starvation that was predicted never occurred, and it now seems it isn't ever going to happen. Nor is the population explosion going to reach the numbers predicted even ten years ago. In 1990, climate modelers anticipated a world population of 11 billion by 2100. Today, some people think the correct number will be 7 billion and falling. But nobody knows for sure. But it is impossible to ignore how closely the history of global warming fits on the previous template for nuclear winter. Just as the earliest studies of nuclear winter stated that the uncertainties were so great that probabilites could never be known, so, too the first pronouncements on global warming argued strong limits on what could be determined with certainty about climate change. The 1995 IPCC draft report said, "Any claims of positive detection of significant climate change are likely to remain controversial until uncertainties in the total natural variability of the climate system are reduced." It also said, "No study to date has positively attributed all or part of observed climate changes to anthropogenic causes." Those statements were removed, and in their place appeared: "The balance of evidence suggests a discernable human influence on climate." What is clear, however, is that on this issue, science and policy have become inextricably mixed to the point where it will be difficult, if not impossible, to separate them out. It is possible for an outside observer to ask serious questions about the conduct of investigations into global warming, such as whether we are taking appropriate steps to improve the quality of our observational data records, whether we are systematically obtaining the information that will clarify existing uncertainties, whether we have any organized disinterested mechanism to direct research in this contentious area. The answer to all these questions is no. We don't. In trying to think about how these questions can be resolved, it occurs to me that in the progression from SETI to nuclear winter to second hand smoke to global warming, we have one clear message, and that is that we can expect more and more problems of public policy dealing with technical issues in the future-problems of ever greater seriousness, where people care passionately on all sides. And at the moment we have no mechanism to get good answers. So I will propose one. Just as we have established a tradition of double-blinded research to determine drug efficacy, we must institute double-blinded research in other policy areas as well. Certainly the increased use of computer models, such as GCMs, cries out for the separation of those who make the models from those who verify them. The fact is that the present structure of science is entrepeneurial, with individual investigative teams vying for funding from organizations which all too often have a clear stake in the outcome of the research-or appear to, which may be just as bad. This is not healthy for science. Sooner or later, we must form an independent research institute in this country. It must be funded by industry, by government, and by private philanthropy, both individuals and trusts. The money must be pooled, so that investigators do not know who is paying them. The institute must fund more than one team to do research in a particular area, and the verification of results will be a foregone requirement: teams will know their results will be checked by other groups. In many cases, those who decide how to gather the data will not gather it, and those who gather the data will not analyze it. If we were to address the land temperature records with such rigor, we would be well on our way to an understanding of exactly how much faith we can place in global warming, and therefore what seriousness we must address this. I believe that as we come to the end of this litany, some of you may be saying, well what is the big deal, really. So we made a few mistakes. So a few scientists have overstated their cases and have egg on their faces. So what. Well, I'll tell you. In recent years, much has been said about the post modernist claims about science to the effect that science is just another form of raw power, tricked out in special claims for truth-seeking and objectivity that really have no basis in fact. Science, we are told, is no better than any other undertaking. These ideas anger many scientists, and they anger me. But recent events have made me wonder if they are correct. We can take as an example the scientific reception accorded a Danish statistician, Bjorn Lomborg, who wrote a book called The Skeptical Environmentalist. The scientific community responded in a way that can only be described as disgraceful. In professional literature, it was complained he had no standing because he was not an earth scientist. His publisher, Cambridge University Press, was attacked with cries that the editor should be fired, and that all right-thinking scientists should shun the press. The past president of the AAAS wondered aloud how Cambridge could have ever "published a book that so clearly could never have passed peer review." )But of course the manuscript did pass peer review by three earth scientists on both sides of the Atlantic, and all recommended publication.) But what are scientists doing attacking a press? Is this the new McCarthyism-coming from scientists? Worst of all was the behavior of the Scientific American, which seemed intent on proving the post-modernist point that it was all about power, not facts. The Scientific American attacked Lomborg for eleven pages, yet only came up with nine factual errors despite their assertion that the book was "rife with careless mistakes." It was a poor display featuring vicious ad hominem attacks, including comparing him to a Holocust denier. The issue was captioned: "Science defends itself against the Skeptical Environmentalist." Really. Science has to defend itself? Is this what we have come to? When Lomborg asked for space to rebut his critics, he was given only a page and a half. When he said it wasn't enough, he put the critics' essays on his web page and answered them in detail. Scientific American threatened copyright infringement and made him take the pages down. Further attacks since have made it clear what is going on. Lomborg is charged with heresy. That's why none of his critics needs to substantiate their attacks in any detail. That's why the facts don't matter. That's why they can attack him in the most vicious personal terms. He's a heretic. Of course, any scientist can be charged as Galileo was charged. I just never thought I'd see the Scientific American in the role of mother church. Is this what science has become? I hope not. But it is what it will become, unless there is a concerted effort by leading scientists to aggressively separate science from policy. The late Philip Handler, former president of the National Academy of Sciences, said that "Scientists best serve public policy by living within the ethics of science, not those of politics. If the scientific community will not unfrock the charlatans, the public will not discern the difference-science and the nation will suffer." Personally, I don't worry about the nation. But I do worry about science. Thank you very much.

Will the so called Christian bashers stop now please??? Subject: What the Bible Says about Homosexuality Homosexuality & Christianity by Rev. Michael S. Piazza, Dean of the Cathedral The Bible In our Judeo-Christian society, the documents collectively known as the Bible serve as the primary guide on most issues. It is interesting that many Christians take literally the references to homosexual acts, while interpreting other text with great flexibility. One person reported listening to a nationally-known woman speak in her campaign against homosexuality. She spent quite a bit of time quoting impressively from Leviticus. The listener accepted much of what the speaker said until he realized that, by Levitical standards, the crusader herself had broken many biblical laws – she spoke in church (1 Corinthians 14:34), she taught men (1 Timothy 2:12), she was wearing a dress made of cotton and polyester (Deuteronomy 22:11), and others of which he was probably unaware. What does the Bible really say about homosexuality? Actually, very little. Most significantly, Jesus said nothing at all. Considering the relatively small amount of attention the Bible pays to the subject, we must ask ourselves why this is such a volatile issue. Other subjects about which the scriptures say a great deal (e.g. judgment, pride, hypocrisy) receive much less passionate attention. Before looking at specific passages, it is important to note that everyone understands the scriptures based on, and through, the light of what they have been taught. The Bible was not written in a cultural void, and many of its instructions and laws are simply classified as less relevant today (e.g. prohibition against eating pork). Nowhere does the Bible actually address the idea of persons being lesbian or gay. The statements are, without exception, directed to certain homosexual acts. Early writers had no understanding of homosexuality as a psychosexual orientation. That truth is a relatively recent discovery. The biblical authors were referring to homosexual acts performed by persons they assumed were heterosexuals. The Sodom Story A chief text used to condemn homosexuality is the Sodom story (Genesis 19:1-29), often interpreted as showing God's abhorrence of homosexuality. In the story, two angels, in the form of men, are sent to the home of Lot in Sodom. While they are there, the men of the city “both young and old, surrounded the house - everyone without exception” and demanded that the visitors be brought out “so that we might know them.” (Genesis 19: 4-5) Lot begged the men to leave his guests alone and take his daughters instead. The men of the city became angry and stormed the door. As a result, they were all struck blind by the angels. There are several problems with the traditional interpretation of this passage. Whether or not the intent of the men of Sodom was sexual, the inhospitality and injustice coming from the mob, and that generally characterized the community, were “the sin of Sodom.” (Ezekial 16:49-50, Isaiah 13:19, Jeremiah 49:18; 50:40) Jesus himself refers to the inhospitality of Sodom. (Luke 10:10-13) If the men were indeed homosexuals, then why would Lot offer them his daughters? What is threatened here is rape. The significant point, then, is that all rape is considered horrible by God. The story deserves another reading. It should be noted that not all of the men of Sodom could have been homosexual or there would have been no need to destroy them. If they had all been homosexuals, they would have all died off leaving no heirs. Quite likely, they were a mixed group of evil men attempting to be abusive to people who were different. Ironically, lesbian and gay people are often the victim of that same sin. Although the traditional interpretation of the Sodom story fails as an argument against homosexuality, there are several other Old Testament passages that do condemn homosexual acts. Again, it should be noted that these passages do not deal with same-sex orientation nor is there any reference to genital love between lesbian or gay persons. Homosexual Acts Of thousands of Old Testament passages, only two make explicit reference to homosexual acts: Leviticus 18:22 and Leviticus 20:13. Both of these passages are a part of the Levitical holiness code, which is not kept by any Christian group. If it was enforced, almost every Christian would be excommunicated or executed. It has been logically argued that science and progress have made many of the Levitical laws irrelevant. For example, fundamentalist author Tim LaHaye states that, although Levitical laws prohibit intercourse during menstruation, medical authorities do not view it as harmful, and, therefore, it should not be viewed as sinful. He further explains, “Those laws were given 3,500 years ago before showers and baths were convenient, before tampons, disinfectants and other improved means of sanitation had been invented.” (The Act of Marriage, p.275) With that, LaHaye makes this law irrelevant and rightly so. Ironically, though, in his book, The Unhappy Gay, the Levitical laws are one of the chief cornerstones of his arguments. Much of the holiness code is now irrelevant for us as moral law. Thus, having children, which was of exceptional importance to the early Hebrews, is now made less relevant by overpopulation, just as the prohibition against eating pork and shellfish has been made irrelevant by refrigeration. The Bible never addresses the issue of homosexual love, yet it does have several beautiful examples of same-sex love. David's love for Jonathan was said to exceed his love for women. (2 Samuel 1:26) Ruth's relationship with Naomi is an example of a deep, bonding love, and Ruth’s words of covenant to Naomi are often used in heterosexual wedding ceremonies. (Ruth 1:16-17) The Bible clearly values love between persons of the same sex. Jesus' Attitude In the New Testament there is no record of Jesus saying anything about homosexuality. This ought to strike us as very odd in light of the great threat to Christianity, family life and the American way that some would have us believe homosexuality is. Jesus saw injustice and religious hypocrisy as a far greater threat to the Realm of God. Episcopal priest Dr. Tom Horner has written that the Gospels imply in two places that Jesus' attitude toward lesbians and gays would not have been hostile. (Jonathan Loved David, p. 122) The first is found in the story of Jesus healing the Centurion's servant. (Matthew 8:5-13) The word used for the servant is “pais,” which in the Greek culture referred to a younger lover of an older, more powerful or educated man. Clearly, the story demonstrates an unusually intense love, and Jesus' response was wholly positive. The other hint of Jesus' attitude is seen in his comments about eunuchs. (Matthew 19:10-12) Jesus opposed divorce in opposition to the abuses experienced by women. It is in the context of marriage that Jesus said “some eunuchs were born so; others had been made eunuchs and still others choose to be eunuchs for the Kingdom's sake.” Jesus' remarks about celibacy and castration are clear, but a male child being born without testicles is a rare birth defect. It is only in our day that the Kinsey Institute has demonstrated that sexual orientation is likely determined prior to birth. It could well be that those to whom Jesus refers as being “born eunuchs” are the people we call lesbian or gay. Jesus' attitude toward eunuchs differed greatly from the fundamentalist Pharisees of his day. To them, eunuchs should have been excluded from the covenant and barred from worship and participating in the community of faith. Jesus' graceful approach to eunuchs is beautifully pictured in the promise of the prophecy of Isaiah, “To the eunuchs...I will give them an everlasting name that will not be taken away.” (56:4-8) In Jesus' day there were three types of persons called eunuchs: celibates, those who were slaves and were castrated so that children would not be born to them, and those who were “born eunuchs,” or homosexuals. Royal and wealthy households used castrated slaves to work with and guard the concubines and female slaves. However, when assigning slaves to female members of the royal family, they would choose homosexual slaves. With female members, the concern was not just unwanted pregnancies but also rape. It is against this background that we must read the story found in Acts 8:26-40. In this passage, the Holy Spirit sends Philip the Deacon to witness to and baptize an Ethiopian eunuch of Queen Candace of Ethiopia. One of the earliest converts to Christianity was a person excluded for sexual reasons from the Old Testament community. Paul's References Paul's statement in Romans 1:18-32 has been taken as the strongest New Testament rejection of homosexuality. He is concerned about the influence of the pagan culture on the Roman Christians. After giving a detailed description of a world that “exchanged the truth of God for a lie and worshipped and served created things rather than the Creator,” he continues, “Therefore, God gave them over to shameful lusts. Even their women exchanged natural relations for unnatural ones. In the same way the men also abandoned natural relations with women and were inflamed with lusts for one another. Men committed indecent acts with other men and received in themselves the due penalty of their perversion.” A complete reading of these passages, in their original context, clearly shows that what Paul was actually referring to was homosexual temple prostitution, which was performed by various cults (though far more cults used heterosexual prostitution). Again, Paul is not referring to same-sex love, and he clearly has no concept of persons for whom this lifestyle is “natural.” Paul's other reference to homosexual acts in 1 Corinthians 6:9-10 is similar to 1 Timothy 1:8-11. These two passages contain lists of persons to be excluded from the Realm of God. The interpretation of these passages depends on two Greek words that have always presented a problem for translators. In the King James Version, they are translated “effeminate” and “abusers of themselves with mankind.” In the Revised Standard Version, they were combined and rendered as “homosexuals,” however, these are not the Greek words for homosexual, so these translations reflects the scholars' bias. The New International Version illustrates the difference in these two words by translating them “male prostitute” and “homosexual offenders.” The Jerusalem Bible uses the terms “catamites and “sodomites.” Catamites were youth kept especially for sexual purpose, who were usually paid large sums of money. Neither passage refers to persons of same-sex orientation but to people who used their sexuality for personal gain. The Love of Christ Jesus did a great deal to change many social customs and ideas. He elevated the position of women, and, ultimately, they were his best and most faithful disciples. He did this by example and by commandments that were absolutely inclusive of the rights of all people. Yet, in the name of the Christ whose love encompassed all, the Church has been the most homophobic of all institutions. This should not be surprising when we realize that the Church is still the largest institution which is primarily racially segregated. The final, and central, message of the New Testament is that ALL persons are loved by God so much that God's Son was sent as a means of redemption from a disease by which we are all afflicted. The cure for this disease cannot be found in any set of actions. Neither homosexuality nor heterosexuality is redemptive. God's love through Christ was given to all people. The Theological Reflection For the Christian, sin must be understood as a disease that results FROM a broken relationship with God and that results IN a broken relationship with one another and with ourselves. Hence, Jesus' supreme command is to love God and to love our neighbors as we love ourselves. Christianity is not a religion with new rules and laws but rather is a new relationship with God. Those things that the legalists are fond of labeling “sins” are actually just symptoms of the much deeper disease of alienation and estrangement. Much of the energy of the Church has been spent dealing with symptoms while leaving the disease intact. Jesus did not seem overly concerned about the legal transgressions of those to whom he ministered. Rather, he was much more concerned with healing the physical, spiritual, emotional and relational brokenness of people. Perhaps if the Church would again give itself to the healing/reconciling ministry of Jesus, then some of the symptoms about which we are so concerned would begin to disappear. That brings us to the question: Is homosexuality a symptom of brokenness? In a very few cases, perhaps. Yet, pointing fingers of blame and accusation is not Christ's way. Rather, Jesus accepted people as they were and allowed love and acceptance to work its miracle. However, most lesbians and gays have been lesbian or gay for as long as they can remember. For them, it is a much a natural characteristic as their eye color or their handedness. Kinsey Institute research (University of Indiana, 1981) has suggested that homosexuality may well be genetic or, at least, linked to some prenatal factors. (Sexual Preference, Bell &Weinberg) Certainly most competent psychologists would concur that sexual orientation is set prior to the age of five in most persons. It is, therefore, not a matter of choice, so it cannot be a moral or ethical issue. Many Christians insist that God can change/cure the homosexual. In the book The Third Sex there are six reported cases of homosexuals whom God has “cured.” Of these six, at least four are known to have returned to their gay lifestyle. (Christianity Today, February 1981) Many lesbians and gays spend most of their lives trying, with no success, to persuade God to change them. It is like trying to get God to change your eye color. What option, then, is left to these persons? They have been told that they can't be gay and Christian. Since all efforts have failed in their struggle not to be gay or lesbian, then their only recourse, according to the Church, is that they can't be Christian. So, the Church has discounted or discarded as much as 10% of the population. If they are excluded from the life of the Christian community, who, then, will tell them of God's inclusive love and of Jesus' reconciling death? Are they left to assume that God is so narrow-minded as to exclude them for something over which they have no control and for a choice they did not make? When will the Church finally be brave enough to say with Paul, “in Christ there is neither Jew nor Greek, slave or free, male or female,” gay or straight? God has enough love for all, I found this on the web. I hope this will help people really understand; also, I hope it will allow us all to get along and care for each other. Why is Dr. Doris afraid to let his/her email address be shown? Give it up! This is not my sermon. It was written by a minister, and I feel that he know the Bible very well. It doesn't matter if you believe in the Bible or not, but it should show the bashers that they are wrong and everyone should be non-judgemental. Jesus loves EVERYONE not just a selected few. BSUG----- I am NO virgin by any means, and anyway, we are not talking about virginity. also check out visionsofdaniel.net for more info regarding this topic.

Questions about Global Warming!!!? 1) how is science applied to addressing global warming? 2) What are some of the benefits and limitations of science in solving this issue? 3) How does science and its applications interact with the following factors: social, economic, political, environmental, cultural and ethical? anyone know the answers to the questions above??

Does age awarness need to be addressed on Yahoo Answers? Teens are being given the wrong answers because people don't know they are children. I do not wish to make it easy for people to target children. I wish to make sure the kids aren't abused over stupid questions or answers. If we are going to have an open community the answers will be different for children and adults in the social sciences. Please vote in the suggestion forum for this important issue. Have you seen a need for this feature? http://suggestions.yahoo.com/?prop=answers I don't want to see the kids leave the community. I just would like to know approximately the age of the audience that I am answering.

can someone summarize this article for me like now? NEW YORK – TO BE RELEVANT, ART must respond to the choices, changes and challenges of these fluid, turbulent times and help create the conditions necessary to transform society and deal with consequences, where the burning issues of the day become the overriding factor in the pursuit of a meaningful popular culture. All artists are active participants in these current cross cultural dynamics and cannot afford to be left out in the cold or live the solitary, isolated existence under the pretentious mask of artistic indifference. To be catalysts for change, artists need to constantly question their own motives, unfair policies affecting creative freedom and one's role in a society; to continuously evolve and not waste valuable time worrying about their reputation after they’re dead. Much as we respect the choices most artists make for themselves, there’s an underlying need for them to document their own times - the sweeping political changes happening around us; to grapple with the issues as they come and try to create art that amplify and project opportunities for change to a larger audience. The enormous impact of Western popular culture on diverse communities worldwide has reached a point where we cannot afford to allow a handful of privileged few to define its form and content without the active participation of socially committed members of the international Arts community. It’s sad to note that the onslaught of American popular culture has marginalized, if not totally wiped out, indigenous cultures in many parts of the world. Poor, underdeveloped countries with rich cultural heritage have been 'touched' by the magic wand of Hollywood and are fighting back its negative impact on their traditional way of life. Cultural amnesia- the loss of traditional values, oral history and indigenous art forms, have now become more prevalent than in the past as more and more ethnic communities are quick to adapt what they see on the screen as 'progress' and accept it to be far better than what they have had for centuries. I hope the scheduled conference on social theory, on politics and the arts would address these concerns to be able to institute necessary changes to safeguard the integrity of indigenous communities. The upcoming 33rd Conference on Social Theory, Politics and the Arts is a continuing dialogue by participants drawn not only from artists in the visual, performing, written and multi media arts but also from a broad range of disciplines that include sociology, political science, management, economics, law, urban planning and policy studies. Hosted by The New York foundation for the Arts, The Arts Council of Manhattan, the NYU Roberts Wagner Graduate School of Public Service and the Research Center for Leadership in Action, this year's conference aims "to explore new trends, practices and public policy issues affecting and shaping the arts around the world." Last March, I had the privilege of taking part in an art exhibition at a Chelsea gallery in NYC and was glad to see quite a number of artworks that explored the political realities of American life, skillfully calculated to question and disturb viewers from their private complacency. There is no question that the New York art scene has been regarded as the crystal ball of new things to come; unfortunately, the current crop of art pieces had nothing much to say and even failed miserably to amuse. Despite living in the shadows of 9/11, political art in NYC is still groping in the dark ages, seemingly destined to be graffiti outside gallery walls. Quite a number of NY-based artists I’ve met, whose works revolve around the current political debates, lament that most art galleries won't dare touch 'political art' with the proverbial ten feet pole. Art galleries are primarily business driven and understandably more concerned with their return of investments. Unfortunately some even expound that myth that artists should stay away and be apolitical, to paint only decorative, 'saleable' pieces that would go well in upscale condo units. What gets hanged or not hanged in galleries have a great impact on popular culture and most galleries would cringe at anything resembling 'breaking news' from war zones. But for most artists to continue doing what they’re good at, they have to live on their art. But since the market for political art, if one has to survive on it, is not much, this could initially discourage some artists from investing much of their creative time on it. Hopefully gallery owners would realize that political art has its niche in our lives. In contrast is the swelling tide of books on current political debates. I can't help but envy those writers and publishing houses that dare focus their efforts and resources to bring about the truth regardless of consequences. Whistleblowers, anti-war groups, civil disobedience advocates and environmental activist are all having a field day. These writers have successfully rammed their political views

Who to chose an attorney for Wrongful Termination? LEGAL DISCLOSURE You do NOT have to agree or accept any or all on this site or the blogs Dedication Samuel Moore Walton "Mr Sam, Helen Robson Walton "Mrs Walton, and James Lawrence Walton "Bud" , and Thomas M Coughlin, a protoge of Mr Sam, even though he did some wrong nevetheless, but lost because of the Code of Silence and the fear that all associates have of the powerful Legal Division of Wal Mart Stores, Inc. The FBI's Cyber Division knows the password of this site and CAN deliberately DELETE it, accidentally leak it or sell it. There are still FBI Agents that will defend and uphold the US Constitution even if it means questioning their orders and superiors. I respect them as I have met some, but I am glad that I never asked for their names. =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= Wrongful Termination with possible illegal implications at Sam's Club 6625 at San Fernando California 91340 William Gregory Lang or Bill Lang wants to transfer to a Sam's Club in Colorado as soon as possible. Mr Lang used to be trusted by Max Rafael Waller who made the mistake of telling him everything before the Termination on Monday, 23 April 2007. Mr Lang is a decent and the Waller Family will pray for everyone that is against Max Rafael Waller Team Lead Ambrosio Galvan also knows a lot of dirty secrets at Sam's Club 6625, but is nervous about losing his job if he sides with Max Rafael Waller Sam's Club PD-57 was NOT adhere to by Club Manager Fidel Jacobo and Membership Manager Esperanza Lopez. No documentation of any complaints and the San Fernando Police Department or the Los Angeles Police Department ever showed for a "Work Place Violence." Please show proof since one complaint and one video tape does NOT establish workplace violence. Neither Mr Jacobo or Ms Lopez wanted to sign the papers of any meeting between two managers and Max Rafael Waller for Legal Documentation. No meetings to address any potentail problems at the Tire and Battery Center were brought up by the Team Lead or Management. The Waller Family will pray for everyone that is against Max Rafael Waller formerly Assoc ID 0035 and Operator 007 proudly serving since Tuesday, 13 November 1990 - Monday, 23 April 2007 and only needed about nine years to do a minimal of twenty-five years to retire from Wal Mart Stores, Inc. He was one hundred percent vested in Profit Sharing and had a one month vacation allocated per year. No meetings to address any potentail problems at the Tire and Battery Center were brought up by the Team Lead or Management. As of Monday, 9 April 2007, the people of the Tire Shop are playing pranks and making it appear as if Max Rafael Waller is becoming forgetful such as the misplacement of tools and personal safety gear. The suspects are Erick Miron and Mark Castro. Esperanza Lopez was told and never had a meeting to discuss the topics brought to her attention by Max Rafael Waller. Manager Esperanza Lopez was asked to verify this by reviewing the Surveillance video tapes and the request was not honored. Esperanza Lopez, Memebership Manager, was told about the pranks about two weeks ago but no meeting to difuse or address serious matters was conducted. Miguel P Herrera might had spread misinformation but is only a suspect. =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= HOW IT ALL BEGAN Sam's Club 6625 12920 Foothill Blvd San Fernando California 91340 Phone:1-818-365-7710 Fax:1-818-365-0690 December 2006 Mehmet Ekinci {A Hatchet Man and sent to "clean House" is no longer there but in Fresno according to Mr Jason Fastner} said that he was replacing everyone in the tire shop or its proper title: Tire and Battery Center according to Jeff Lopez{no longer work there} and Mark Castro{has recanted}and Bill Lang heard indirectly but will deny it. Max Rafael Waller studied all of Wal-Mart policies and found that if that his remark {INTIMIDATION} could be verified then he would get a coaching for making such a remark. The others are scared to tell the truth. Sam's Club 6625 Fidel Jacobo has POSSIBLY EVERYBODY at Sam's Club gathering information given out by Max Rafael Waller and will reward them by promotion and/or a payraise along with illegal surveillance that GROSSLY violates Global Ethics Compliance that Wal-Mart Stores, Inc claims to uphold. They will say they are understaff and this is baseless. Fidel Jacobo might be spreading misinformation through the tire shop boss, Bill Lang. Fidel Jacobo has received a lot of Anti-Union training Bill told Max if the associates do not follow rules let that be the problem of management. Bill Lang is a Team Lead and so he is required to enforce all rules even IF he disagrees. Los Angeles Times C2 Thursday, April 5, 2007 in the Business Section the title is Wal-Mart defend its monitoring If it is proven then it is a gross violoation of the Global Ethics that Wal Mart Stores, Inc agreed to comply when they signed it around 2003 Will Wal Mart Stores, Inc allow inspection of all internal complaints that have violated Global Ethics or stonewall like the White House and the Valerie Plame situation ? The secret for Wal-Mart not getting caught of Fear and intimidation is simple: a lot of unwritten rules so there is no evidence. A lot of non-managers associates will respond by saying they see or know nothing of improper treatment. They will also have selective memory. The Legal Division of Wal-Mart Stores, Inc is preparing countercharges and some will be Invasion of Privacy, Defamation of Character, Character Assassination, Destroying Reputation, Intent , Injurious to morale , etcetera, but the biggest will be that this site is ONLY generalizations and especially baseless with no legally verifiable facts. Will the Legal Division have legitimate countercharges ? Yes, but I chose no to type all them and have them ready for a lawyer for effective defense and so it is their problem to figure them out. Duress and Graymail may be part of the defense of Max Rafael Waller along with the usual Freedom of Exprssion afforded by the US Constitution Graymail can be used against US Federal Government and possibly local Law Enforcement. Will Wal-Mart succeed in having Max Rafael Waller discredited by a Psychological Evaluation thereby stigmatizing him as a man with grands delusions ? Is Samuel Robson Walton of Wal-Mart Stores, Inc part of this ? Ensuring that legal cases proving that the rules to ensure to easy terminate people are not made aware? Wal-Mart Stores, Inc has a persistent Legal Divsion that rivals the US Federal Government and has many victories on its belt. It can be verified just ask the New York Times for confirmation. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Disingenuous and Duplicitous Legal Division of Wal-Mart Stores, Inc To give the Appearance that Max Rafael Waller is causing great harm to Wal-Mart Stores, Inc and Sam's Club they have labeled Interview Questions and "Privileged & Confidential" and the Sam's Club University title is More Than A Gut Feeling Participant's Guide A list of interview questions should be deemed Innocuous that is not be Injurious to Wal-Mart Stores, Inc and Sam's Club. The so called witnesses are Mr. Fastener and Mr. Lang of Sam's Club 6625. They are so desperate that they will act as like the Valerie Plame case. A print out of this document conveniently did not have a date nor time printed as to give an appearance that is so sensitive. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc WILL improve and better their ways of operating, but it will NOT be easy. They are NOT as horrible as people claim. There is an old saying have friend close to you, BUT have your enemies even closer. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sam's Club 6625 are doing this tactic as of Wednesday, 4 April 2007 and some members as well. One African-American tried to talk about the union, but Max's reply "You started inserting the talk about the union and so you want to find out what is going on in my head. You wearing clothes so raggedy that your testicles are showing. If you were FBI you would be in trouble for indecent exposure." He left. TACTICS USED BY SAM'S CLUB 6625 / WAL MART STORES, INC Others Associates and one Caucasian-American named Jarrod tried to be his friend. Jarrod in the past ignore him while his friend that came along with him came from another Sam's Club and they enjoy Good Cop and Bad Cop. When enough approaches to friendship have been ignored Sam's Club 6625 will say "Hey everyone tried to befriend Max, but he sent them all away and this shows that he lacks social skills or has some problems and he will not allow us to help in whatever way we can" Can you say Hyena and Benedict Arnold Wal-Mart are excellent at discrediting people through what they have done in over 10 years. They shed Crocodile tears for associates with the courage of not being intimidated. ANOTHER TACTIC OF SAM'S CLUB 6625 / WAL MART STORES, INC Wal-Mart Stores, Inc will protect their Public Relations and Image AT ANY COST INCLUDING MAKING A PACT Loyal Customers, "grateful" associates, and their vendors and suppliers. Members will complain to get Max Rafael Waller and Sam's Club 6625 management will do it without hesitation. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc WILL improve and better their ways of operating, but it will NOT be easy. They are NOT as horrible as people claim. Sam's Club 6625 are doing this tactic as of Wednesday, 4 April 2007 and some members as well. One African-American tried to talk about the union, but Max's reply "You started inserting the talk about the union and so you want to find out what is going on in my head. You wearing clothes so raggedy that your testicles are showing. If you were FBI you would be in trouble for indecent exposure." He left. INTIAL ATTEMPT TO DISCREDIT WITH A PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION A possible misdiagnosis and initial attempt to discredit through a Psychological Evaluation by Scott Wang MD from Providence Holy Cross Medical Center 15301 Rinaldi St Mission Hills CA 91345 Telephone: 1-818-365-8051 Dr Scott Wang's name could not be found at their website http://www.providence.org/losangeles/facilities/providence_holy_cross/default.htmand he is the one who possibly suggested a Psychiatric Evaluation so a result to Wal-Mart's desire could be used to start discrediting Max Rafael Waller An old white man with a Kaiser Permanente badge and from a Psychiatric Evaluation team from Kaiser never left a business card or a phone number for communication. He looked like an actor from Law and Order portraying a Psychiatrist and impersonation IS illegal and punishable by law. On Sunday, 1 April 2007 Dr Paul R Hladon Kaiser Permanente 13652 Cantara St Panorama City CA 91402 Telephone: 1-818-375-2377 Dr Paul R Hladon reluctantly gave Max two prescriptions: Azithromycin 250MG {Take two tablets daily for seven days} and Ciprofloxacin HCL 500MG{Take one tablet orally two times a day for fourteen days} Only two X-Rays and no blood test done, so how did Dr Hladon know what to prescribe ? He took the medicine and instructions as given. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The FBI are also exploiting fear and they have the BSU as their asset. Bill Lang has casually spoken about death and intimidation about how Max will get fired with one more coaching which comes from the FBI and Wal-Mart's Homeoffice in Bentonville Arkansas 72716. Possible causes Max Rafael Waller's fear of possibly dying. Around Wednesday, 21 March 2007 he dragged the rotting carcass of a dog so children would not touch it. It was in front on the Pepsi Bottling Plant in San Fernando California 91340 and its entrance is on Dronfield Ave. He MIGHT have breathed some Bacteria, Germs or other Biological Agents and maybe some Botulism. Also Desiccating{drying} Bacteria. Esther Topete was watering the front lawn at 11261 Sproule Ave, Pacoima California 91331 and was scared. Max picked up a headless Squirrel that had a foul stench and maggots and placed in the garbage bin. Psychiatric Evaluation(S) is a legal tool to discredit a critic so if they can find that a individual(s) has mental problems or unable to cope with life's problem the discrediting tactic will work. A stigma of mental problem is almost impossible to overcome. Being labeled with poor mental health has been used to successfully discredit a critic. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ACTIVITIES BY THE FBI Group Stalking will be denied resulting with the accusser(s) being prejudged or viewed as someone with Visual Hallucinations,additionally, Electromagnetic Harassment or Electromagnetic Pulses will be denied resulting with the accusser(s)being prejudged or viewed as someone with Auditory Hallucinations. Both can be used when someone is driving or walking but when someone is trying to sleep the Electromagnetic Harassment will be used to disrupt sleep and with lack of sleep people's behavior is altered significantly and people end up with the impressions that they cannot handle stress. Electromagnetic Harassment is used to break the will of people who dare to dissent. The FBI has a complete profile of Max Rafael Waller and two weak areas are Anger and Anxiety, so they will create a situation that will end with him having a Fatal Heart Attack and/or Fatal Stroke. The FBI will to DO Sleep Deprivation/disruption AGAINST MAX RAFAEL WALLER. The collaborators of US Law Enforcement are the neighbors around Sproule Ave and Pierce St area Will the FBI be creative and imaginative with this information along with the profile to discredit Max Rafael Waller ? The neighbors around the corner of Sproule Ave and Pierce St in Pacoima California 91331 are collaborating by playing a lot of bass on their speakers and technically their noise is considered Electro-Magnetic Pulses, EMP, since the speakers have magnets energized or powered by electricity. This is why it is vital for them to have people found to be mentally unstable by the legal use of Psychological Evaluation. The FBI will discredit Max Rafael Waller by ALL NECESSARY MEANS as they other Americans like a serial killer Biological and Psychological war along with Electronic from their world famous Behavioral Science Unit or BSU The FBI might HAVE an unofficial pact with Organized Crime and they have been intercepting phone calls and ended phone calls with the help of Time-Warner Cable US Law Enforcement have all of the Internet activities and had yet to find any evidence to charge someone of potentially being an Internet Predator and Pedophile. Sadly the owners of the house at 11261 Sproule Ave, Pacoima CA 91331 are family members and do NOT want to get involved. Su much for family unity. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Surveillance, Psychotronics and (Gang)Stalking Operations The Xiandos web site is http://xiandos.info/Surveillance,_Psychotronics_and_(Gang-)Stalking_Operations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The FBI will cite National Security and not allow the reviews of any US Federal Black Operations. Any damaging evidence destroyed or manipulated before it is declassified. An example is how LTC Oliver North and Fawn Hall destroyed documents about Iran Contra. The Electronic equipment emit Electromagnetic Waves. There is something called Electromagnetic Spectrum that range from low energy to high level energy. Electromagnetic Spectrum http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum http://www.lbl.gov/MicroWorlds/ALSTool/EMSpec/EMSpec2.html The Frequencies of the Human Body The Human Body is has certain frequencies with certain organs like the heart and brain have a specific frequency and the emitter or transmitter can be adjusted to slowly damage them and leading to any illness. They will target the respiratory organs, digestive organs, the heart, the brain, and the reproductive organsby trying to matching their frequency range. The result will be mental problems. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The following is something the FBI do not want Americans to be aware of and Electronic Terrorist Activities is one of the Covert Operations. Please visit http://www.mdspec.com to find about transmissions of Electromagnetic Waves from Low Energy to High Energy. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES can cause cancers and tumors to the Human Body with a continous exposure and the FBI know this. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.privacyinternational.org/article.shtml?cmd[347]=x-347-103793 The following is a from Privacy International Freedom of information has suffered other setbacks under the Bush Adminsitration. The September 11 attacks provided justification for the withdrawal of a number of types of government information on the web. The Bush Administration had already been accused of being the most secretive government in many decades. On October 12, 2001 Attorney General John Ashcroft issued a policy memorandum on the Freedom of Information Act that encourages government officials to deny access to information. At the same time, other "sensitive" information such as the locations of nuclear power plants, chemical hazard risk management plans, pipeline maps, and reports related to other hazards were removed from government agency Web sites on the grounds of national security. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To verify the FBI's LACK OF COOPERATION Please call 1-310-477-6565 and if they respond only with FBI keep on pressing with the question "May I please have your name." If they refuse then ask "Please cite the guidline or policy that states that you do not have to give me you name" The FBI might HAVE an unofficial pact with Organized Crime and they have been intercepting phone calls and ended phone calls with the help of Time-Warner Cable The routine patrols by the Los Angeles Police Department has been NOTICEABLE ABSENT from Dronfield St and Pierce St along Dronfield St all the way to Dronfield St and Arroyo St that Max Rafael Waller walks this route The FBI, MySpace, and Yahoo are master of allowing "technical glitches and other excuses" and this is an example of an almost Orwellian Society. MySpace, Yahoo, MSN, along with others protect White Supremacist willingly! Yahoo,MSN,and Google HAVE betrayed dissenters in China and ARE betraying people in the United States of America, so we live in an almost Orwellian Society. Yahoo will not going to allow irrelevant answers to any topic at their forum and forget that people are smart and will ignore them, thus Yahoo should not censor even moronic ranting. Allow Yahoo users ignore and continue, moreover, Yahoo records their IP Address so what is the problem? MySpace might censor people. You want an example? I am writing about topics not related to the heading. Please read my comments on the headline; Music. What I wrote there is tangential! Max Rafael Waller used to give too much personal information and others that should had NEVER been revealed and might have been used to discredit him or end up with bad publicity. Especially to Bill Lang His brother would say to give to much info and you need to be discreet and Max's mother also agrees. Do not be surprised when they use Cease and Desist for Legal Intimidation that has worked. Will the Legal Division have legitimate countercharges ? Yes, but I chose no to type all them and have them ready for a lawyer for effective defense and so it is their problem to figure them out. Duress and Graymail may be part of the defense of Max Rafael Waller along with the usual Freedom of Exprssion afforded by the US Constitution Graymail can be used against US Federal Government and possibly local Law Enforcement. The US Courts protect men with Power and Wealth. Wal-Mart rivals the propaganda of Joseph Goebbel and hides the truth so easily with over 30 years of practice and refining. The deafeated Thomas M Coughlin has almost 30 years of Wal-Mart's dirt. The New York Times do NOT fear Wal-Mart and in fact I hope they investigate everything stated here Some people are giving the impression that they are from OSHA, Occupational Safety Hazard Agency. Report them because they are breaking the law(s). Samuel Robson Walton and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc somewhat fear the investigative reporting prowess of the New York Times The Code of Silence is not just strictly applicable to Law Enforcement! Public education and priorities will save the United States of America Ensuring that legal cases proving that the rules to ensure to easy terminate people are not made aware? Wal-Mart Stores, Inc has a persistent Legal Divsion that rivals the US Federal Government and has many victories on its belt. It can be verified just ask the New York Times for confirmation. Wal Mart Stores, Inc violate their own Global Ethics policies. Their Global Ethics Office have stated that they only handle Age Discrimination. Read the United Nations Global Compact http://www.unglobalcompact.org/AboutTheGC/TheTenPrinciples/principle10.html http://www.unglobalcompact.org/Issues/transparency_anticorruption/index.html http://www.iccwbo.org/policy/anticorruption/iccfccd/index.html?cookies=no Institute for Global Ethics http://www.globalethics.org/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No evidence has been found to justify surveillance and justify tactics used by the US Homeland Security and local Law Enforcement. PLEASE show all of the information gathered ! Who are involved: the Los Angeles Police Department, the San Fernando Police Department, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and a lot of associates from Sam's Club 6625 and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. The US Air Force Covert Units from Edwards Air Force Base Helicopters from are doing the bidding of the FBI and sending Electromagnetic Waves or Signals You can tell them because the are dark gray with no identifying numbers NOT even the typical US Air Force Max Rafael Waller is a proud Life Member of the Air Force Association Please visit the AFA at http://www.afa.org and Chapter 121 or the Doolittle Chapter. Please visit http://www.myspace.com/uss_america {erased by the FBI}, and http://72.14.253.104/custom?q=cache:STCxJMuHTxQJ:www.fas.org/spp/military/program/track/stealth.pdf+Covert+%2B+Edwards+%2B+Air+Force+%2B+Base&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=7&gl=us This is the Code of Silence at its WORST. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The following is something the FBI do not want Americans to be aware of and Electronic Terrorist Activities is one of the Covert Operations. Please visit http://www.mdspec.com to find about transmissions of Electromagnetic Waves from Low Energy to High Energy. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES can cause cancers and tumors to the Human Body with a continous exposure and the FBI know this. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.privacyinternational.org/article.shtml?cmd[347]=x-347-103793 The following is a from Privacy International Freedom of information has suffered other setbacks under the Bush Adminsitration. The September 11 attacks provided justification for the withdrawal of a number of types of government information on the web. The Bush Administration had already been accused of being the most secretive government in many decades. On October 12, 2001 Attorney General John Ashcroft issued a policy memorandum on the Freedom of Information Act that encourages government officials to deny access to information. At the same time, other "sensitive" information such as the locations of nuclear power plants, chemical hazard risk management plans, pipeline maps, and reports related to other hazards were removed from government agency Web sites on the grounds of national security. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To verify the FBI's LACK OF COOPERATION Please call 1-310-477-6565 and if they respond only with FBI keep on pressing with the question "May I please have your name." If they refuse then ask "Please cite the guidline or policy that states that you do not have to give me you name" Censorship on the internet The FBI, MySpace, and Yahoo are master of allowing "technical glitches and other excuses" and this is an example of an almost Orwellian Society. MySpace, Yahoo, MSN, along with others protect White Supremacist willingly! Yahoo,MSN,and Google HAVE betrayed dissenters in China and ARE betraying people in the United States of America, so we live in an almost Orwellian Society. Yahoo will not going to allow irrelevant answers to any topic at their forum and forget that people are smart and will ignore them, thus Yahoo should not censor even moronic ranting. Allow Yahoo users ignore and continue, moreover, Yahoo records their IP Address so what is the problem? MySpace might censor people. You want an example? I am writing about topics not related to the heading. Please read my comments on the headline; Music. What I wrote there is tangential! The FBI{twice} were given via e-mail, max_rafael_waller@hotmail.com, the following pertaining to Max Rafael Waller; Social Security Account Number, Driver's License Number with expiration date, Home and Work Address with their telephone numbers. The rules of grammar, writing, are not the same as those for speaking. ===================================================== Dr Robert Louis Pritchard of Los Angeles Valley College is credible with integrity and a consumate professional. Dr Pritchard will be teaching US Constitutional Law in the fall of 2007. PLEASE TAKE HIM AND BECOME AN INTELLIGENT THINKER! ===================================================== MySpace is ensure that the name Max Rafael Waller is not found on their MySpace search "powered" meaning paid by you guessed it! mainly Google. ===================================================== Max Rafael Waller is a PROUD Life Member of the Air Force Association{US Air Force} and the US Naval Institute. A former N.J.R.O.T.C. cadet at San Fernando Senior High School and alumn of Les Prestigians ~ Class of 1983. US ARMY 1984-1988 Active duty ===================================================== US President Dwight David Eisenhower told the truth about the US Military-Industrial Complex. General of the Army Eisenhower was a great military man but found out that fellow Republicans did not have to obey his orders. President Ronalnd Wilson Reagan is dead, but President George Herbert Walker Bush is still alive. Do you think the President George Walker Bush would bust his dad to save his legacy ? Heroes Theodore Roosevelt and James Earl Carter, Jr or Jimmy Carter. Earl Warren was a great progressive Republican Governor of the State of California and one of the best Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court. The US Constitution has been on a steady decline with the Warren Burger US Supreme Court that began around 1969. Employment Lawyers Be patient or visit http://www.myspace.com/max_rafael_waller and make your own conclusion !

Undergraduate Admission Essay Advise? I am petitioning for readmission into my university. I will be sending this in shortly. Any criticism you have will be much appreciated. Please be as detailed as you like. This is a second draft. You can rewrite or change what ever you want in order to make you suggestion clear. thx Dear Admission Members, I respectfully petition for re-admission into Southern Methodist University for the fall semester of 2009. I was suspended from the university for poor academic performance just before the beginning of the 2008 fall semester. Upon my transfer to SMU I faced forms of depression, isolation and social angst; challenges that were unpredictable and my classroom performance suffered. I have since then addressed much of these issues with family support and professional attention. I would like to express all that I've learned from this experience and why I feel ready to return. There are challenges that still may arise if re-admitted and I can assure that these will be met head on with a positive attitude and determination. First and foremost, I accept full responsibility for my choices and for my poor performance. SMU gave me an opportunity to achieve a substantial education from a respectable university. Unfortunately, I squandered that opportunity through ignorance and a lack of foresight, a decision I now deeply regret. I have come to understand how valuable a college education truly is. Transferring to a new school and living alone for the first time can be difficult for anyone. Involving myself in social activities and adjusting to a new environment is a weak trait that continues to be a challenge. Because of this I isolated myself and felt social anxiety. I felt like an outcast. I became homesick. I couldn't afford my off campus apartment and tried to maintain an on campus job to pay bills. Approaching my senior year of college with a questionable major made my indecisiveness apparent. I felt frustrated because I had doubts about my goals and basically lacked focus in my college life. I became depressed and ashamed of how poor I performed in class. I sought advise from professors who informed me of available tutors at SMU's ALEC. I attended tutoring when I could and also attended workshop classes on "how to study". During a workshop I expressed how my performance in class and study habits were suffering and that is when I was turned to the Health Center. After over 8 weeks of testing, I was diagnosed with a mild state of depression with symptoms of ADD. These issues have since been addressed after my suspension from SMU. Family structure is an important aspect of life. I have decided to move back home and gain that support as opposed to the isolation I felt living on my own away at school. The goals of my college education have been addressed as well. Before my transfer, I performed well as a film major and achieved a minor in photography. My adviser and I previously discussed my motives for transferring and changing majors for a third time. We then devised and organized a constructive curriculum for my new major. I've decided to strive for a Bachelor of Arts with a Major in Computer Science. I am positive this will incorporate my interests in CS while including the strengths from my previous major in art. I've become more determined and more appreciative of the opportunity given. The pressures of school can be daunting. In order to gain a greater degree of perspective sometimes you need to take a break an regroup. I understand the reasons of my poor performance after my transfer and I accept complete responsibility. During the fall semester, I began taking three classes at a community college outside of SMU. In addition, I've also taken advantage of free online material (i.e. OpenCourseWare). Unfortunately, financial aid would not pay for spring semester. That being said, I've taken the spring semester to relax and regain focus for my possible return to SMU. The possibility of returning to SMU is excited and highly anticipated. I have a more developed frame of mind in accordance with my goals and aspiration of a college education. I believe performing at a higher level is of the utmost importance. Failure is less likely because of my motivation, determination, and improved focus. I am not perfect. Realistically, it is possible I will face various challenges if re-admitted, but this is true for every college student. I can say, I will take advantage of all necessary resources attainable by SMU. I will also try my hardest to become more social and active on campus. I cannot truly convey the regret and shame I felt about my performance while attending SMU. Being suspended was saddening and a complete embarrassment. This entire experience has been an eye opener. I was told this academic suspension was not punitive but rather a chance for a break and allows me to recover from my academic problems and I understand this completely. I am aware my circumstances are not to

The Muslim and the Atheist? what do yall think? Religion and the Scientist ...seated side by side, two gentlemen from two different world... And there they were, on a flight from Cape Town to Durban, seated side by side, two gentlemen from two different worlds.......After the formalities were covered, the conversation continued........ Bob: I don't believe in God, but rather in science and technology, something tangible you see, but if you can prove to me scientifically that God does exist then I would consider such a thought. Yunus: Okay, you being interested in technology, please answer this question......with regard to an advanced machine or electronic device, who would be the one to know the most about its mechanism or functioning? Bob: Well, perhaps the person who has invented or manufactured such a machine. Yunus: Can we agree that it is the maker or creator of the product who would know every-thing there is to know about the product. Bob: I don't see why not, it sounds reasonable. Yunus: Being knowledgeable in these matters, the next question I'd like to ask you is, Just how did the world or the universe come into existence? Bob: According to recent scientific research, the whole universe was one gigantic mass, which scientists call the primary Nebula, they tell us that it was a cosmic explosion or a secondary explosion that gave rise to the sun, the stars, the planets and even the Earth we live on. Yunus: Is this what you believe? Bob: Yes of course, these are established facts based on scientific proofs. In fact, this idea was realised in 1973 and termed the 'BIG BANG' theory. Yunus: I see, well I have a surprise for you....In the Holy Quraan, chapter 21, verse 30 says. "Do the disbelievers not see that the heavens and the earth were joined together, then I split them apart". Here we can see that the Holy Quraan is speaking about this 'BIG BANG' theory and let me tell you that the Holy Quraan was revealed over 1400 years ago. Bob: I have heard about the Quraan, but can you refresh my memory. Yunus: Sure, the Muslim believes the Quraan to be the word of God, pure and unadulterated which was revealed verbally to the Prophet _____ of Islam, Mohammed, Peace be upon him, through the agency of the Angel Gabriel. The Holy Quraan was completed over a period of 23 years, that is over the prophetic life of the Prophet _____________ of Islam. Bob: Are you sure that the Quraan is over 14 centuries old and secondly, that the Quraan has not been changed. Yunus: Absolutely, it is a historical fact that the Holy Quraan was completed in the seventh century and has remained unchanged ever since. Historians, whether friends or foes to Islam, testify to this. Bob: Well then, perhaps it's a guess. Yunus:.....What does science say about the shape of the Earth ? Bob: Previously, Man thought that the Earth was flat, until Sir Frances Drake in 1607 finally proved it to be spherical. Today, the term Geoid is used to describe this spherical shape. Yunus: Amazingly the Holy Quraan in chapter 31, verse 29 says, "Have you not seen how God merges the night into the day and merges the day into the night." The use of the word merges emphasizes a slow gradual change, and this is not possible if the earth is flat. Bob: Go on. Yunus: Further in chapter 39, verse 5, it says, "He coils the night upon the day and he coils the day upon the night." The word used in the original arabic text is "Kaw'wara" which means coils or winds, the significance of this verb is that you usually coil something around a rather spherical object. You say that this fact was discovered recently, well relatively recently, who could have mentioned this in the Holy Quraan over 1400 years ago ? Bob: I'm not convinced. Yunus: Fine, tell me where the light of the Moon comes from? Bob: Centuries ago people thought that the Moon was a miniature version of the Sun and that both emitted their own light, but recently studies confirmed that the Moon reflected the Sun's light. Yunus: The Holy Quraan in chapter 25, verse 61 mentions, "Blessed is the one who placed the constellations in the Heaven and placed therein a lamp and a Moon reflecting light." Here the Sun is referred to as a lamp for it has its own illumination, while the Moon is said to have reflected light or borrowed light, meaning not its own. Bob: Its probably conjecture...guesswork. Yunus: For the sake of a discussion I won't argue. Anyway, let us proceed....... When I was in school in the 80's, my teacher told me that the Sun remains stationary whilst the planets although rotating around their axes do revolve around the Sun as well. Bob: Is that what your Quraan says, that the Sun is stationary....Ha! Yunus: No, the Holy Quraan does not say this. This is what I learned in school. Bob: Today, science has advanced. We have come to know that the Sun does in fact revolve around its own axis. You see, the Sun if observed with the apppropriate scientific apparatus reveals to possess the "Black spots". Continuous observation shows that these black spots take 25 days to complete a revolution. Therefore we conclude that the Sun rotates and that it takes approximately 25 days to complete one full rotation around its axis. Yunus: Well, this is nothing new to the muslim for it is revealed in the Holy Quraan in chapter 21, verse 33, "(God is) the One who created the night, the day, the Sun and the Moon, each one spinning around its own axis (travelling in an orbit)". Here it is evident that the Sun and the Moon both rotate and further the celestial law of orbital movement is made mention of. You tell me who could have mentioned these scientific facts in the Holy Quraan which you say was discovered recently by your scientists ? Before you answer that question, tell me......is there a difference between a star and a planet? Bob: Yes, today we know that stars are heavenly bodies like the Sun in that they produce their own light, while planets on the other hand, do not produce their own light....like the earth on which we live. Yunus: The Holy Quraan mentions scientific facts not only in the field of astronomy. Bob: I'm listening. Yunus: In several verses of the Holy Quraan the details of the water cycle is mentioned. It explains that the water from the earth and ground rises up and forms clouds .............. these clouds condense, there is lightning and rain falls from the clouds. This is evident from the following quotations ...........chapter 39, verse 21, "Have you not seen that Allah sent rain down from the sky and caused it to penetrate the ground, and come forth as springs.......", In chapter 23, verse 18, "We sent down water from the sky measure and lodged it in the ground and we certainly are able to withdraw it", and also in chapter 24, verse 43, "Have you not seen that God makes the clouds move gently, then joins them together, then makes them a heap. And you see rain drops falling from the midst of it ........" Bob: According to my knowledge, the first coherent account of the water cycle was presented by Bernard Palissy in 1580. Yunus: This is the exact distinction that the Holy Quraan makes between stars and planets. In chapter 86, verse 1-3, "By the sky and the night visitor, who will tell you what the night visitor is, the star of piercing brightness", which obviously refer to the stars. The planets are described as ornaments in chapter 37, verse 6, as it reads, "We have indeed adorned the lowest heaven with ornaments, the planets". Bob: ............................... Hmmmmmm.........................It is no secret that the Arabs were advanced in the field of astronomy, and perhaps it was these learned astronomers that passed their findings to the Prophet _____________. Yunus: I do agree that the Arabs were advanced in astronomy, but I'm afraid that you have the order or sequence of events incorrect. Bob: What do you mean?! Yunus: Let me remind you that the Holy Quraan was revealed centuries before the Arabs became advanced in this field of astronomy, so it was the Arabs who learnt about astronomy from the Quraan and most definitely not vice versa. The Holy Quraan in chapter 30, verse 48 mentions that, "God is the one who sends forth the winds which raised up the clouds. He spreads them in the sky as he wills and breaks them into fragments. Then you see rain drops issuing from within them.....". While on the topic of Geography, I am sure you understand what is meant by the term "Folding". Bob: Yes, you see.... the crust of the earth is relatively thin and mountain ranges due to the phenomenon of folding provides stability for the earth. Yunus: The Holy Quraan in chapter 78, verse 6-7 gives us an indication of the very same phenomenon as it says, "Have we not made the earth an expanse and the mountains stakes". Here the word "stakes" is synonymous with the word pegs as in holding the earth in place. Further the first part of this verse shows us that the earth is not flat for it is an expanse ..... meaning that you can walk and walk without falling off. The former idea is clarified in chapter 21, verse 31....."We placed the ground (mountains) standing firm so that it does not shake with them". Here we are told that mountains allow for the maintenance of the earths stability by preventing the earth's shape to change in such a way so as to cause it to move out of its orbit. Permit me to go on ........scientists pointed out recently that salt water and fresh water do not mix.......is that correct ? Bob: That is correct.....this phenomenon is observed at various locations......for example the region where the Nile river meets with the Mediterranean sea and more especially in the Gulf stream where these two bodies of water flow together for thousands of kilometres. Yunus: In chapter 25, verse 53 it reads, ....... "God is the one that has let free two seas, one is sweet and palatable and the other is salty and bitter. He placed an unseen barrier between them, a partition that is forbidden to pass". A similar message is given in chapter 55, verses 19 and 20, "He has loosed the two seas. They meet together. Between them there is an unseen barrier which they do not transgress........" Bob: Maybe some Arabs whist diving or swimming made such an observation. Yunus: Unlikely, what you fail to realize is that the Holy Quraan too testifies that it is an unseen barrier and therefore it could not and still cannot be observed. Bob: I see..... according to Darwinism and the theory of evolution, it is claimed that all life began in the sea or oceans.........can you tell me what does your Quraan say about this.....if anything at all. Yunus: Yes, but first tell me just why does this theory have such a conclusion.....that life began in the Oceans.... Bob: Well, one of the reasons is that the chemical make-up or composition of human and animal life shows that water is the chief constituent. In fact between 50 and 90 %. Yunus: In chapter 21, verse 30, it also says.............."And We made every living thing from water. Will they still not believe". Can you imagine that in the deserts of Arabia, where there is obviously a scarcity of water, who would have guessed that not only man but every living thing is made from water. Bob: I am aware that Cytoplasm, the main constituent of the cell is composed of approximately eighty percent water and that every living creature is of fifty or ninety percent water. Yunus: Who could have mentioned these facts in the Quraan over 1400 years ago ?...there are over hundreds of facts in the Holy Quraan that modern science cannot find fault with today. On the topic of theories .......Can you explain to me just what is meant by the theory of drifting continents. Bob: Sure, all our continents were at one time parts of one consolidated land mass, then following an explosion, they were scattered or rather pushed away all over the surface of the earth. Therefore if you look carefully at the world map, you would see for example that the East coast of South America would fit neatly against the West coast of Africa. Yunus: A similar idea is reflected in the Holy Quraan in the chapter 79, verse 30, "and the earth He extended after that and then drew from it water and pastures". It says that the Earth passed through a stage when God had caused the land masses to drift apart. Bob: Are you using scientific knowledge to prove the Quraan ? Yunus: No, the Quraan is not a book of science but rather a book of signs. In fact, it has over 6000 signs (verses) out of which 1000 of these deal with scientific knowledge. I am not using science to prove something correct, you need a yardstick or knowledge that is absolute, something ultimate..... Yunus: To the educated men like yourself, those that do not believe in God, science is generally your yardstick.....but to the Muslim, the Holy Quraan is our ultimate yardstick....the Quraan is also referred to as the "Furqaan" which is the arabic word meaning, the criterion between that which is right and that which is wrong. Therefore I am using your yardstick 'science' to prove to you what is said in the Holy Quraan. What your yardstick has said in relatively recent times ...... mine has said 14 centuries ago. Can we agree, therefore, that the Quraan is superior to science and that the Quraan is the ultimate yardstick. Bob: Tell me more. Yunus: The Quraan says in chapter 20, verse 53, "(God is the one) who sent down rain from the sky and with it brought forth a variety of plants in pairs". Here the Holy Quraan mentions a scientific fact which was discovered much later in history ..... that is .......the plant kingdom too has male and female types. This is also echoed in chapter 13, verse 3, "...........and of all fruits (God) placed on the earth two pairs ......." Yunus: A branch of the field of Zoology has recently pointed out that there exists various social dynamics in the animal world. The Holy Quraan tells us the same, that the animals and birds live in communities in chapter 6, verse 38, "There is no animal on earth, no bird which flies on wings, that (does not belong to) communities like you .....". Yunus: If I tell you that the Holy Quraan tells us of ants talking to one another, you will probably laugh, but the branch of Zoology that I am telling you about, has found the animal or insect which closely resembles the dynamics of the human, is the ant ....... for apart from an extremely 'advanced' system of communication (as is mentioned in the Holy Quraan, chapter 27, verse 18), They ..... the ants bury the dead and can have what can be said to be an equivalent of a market place. Bob: Perhaps your Prophet _____________ was a very observant man who made notes of them. Yunus: First I would like to inform you that history years witness that the Prophet _____________ of Islam was an illiterate man in that he had no formal schooling and therefore could not read nor write. In fact at that time a great majority of Arabs were illiterate with only a negligible number who were literate. Nonetheless, it is also mentioned that it is the female bee that collects honey ........ Do you think that anybody could be so observant as to pick this up? You have just reminded me about something even more significant; in chapter 16, verse 69, it reads, "...... from their (bees) bodies comes a liquor of different colours wherein is a remedy for men." Today the medical scientist tell us that there are antiseptic qualities and applications of honey. Furthermore, I believe that it is used in the treatment of various allergies. Bob: No wonder the Russian soldiers used to apply honey on their wounds. Yes, and as a result, the wounds left very little scar tissue. Yunus: In chapter 16, verse 66, the Holy Quraan described blood circulation with regard to the production of milk in the cow ....... a thousand years before William Harvey made it famous to the western world. Let us examine the above mentioned reference, "Verily, in cattle too is a lesson for you, we give to you to drink of what is in their bodies, coming from a conjugation between the contents of the intestine and the blood, a milk, pure and pleasant for those who drink it." Bob: Tell me ...... what does the Quraan say about human beings? Yunus: This question calls for a dissertation, for the Quraan deals with humans from before the time of conception until after death. .....But will you accept a brief exposition on some of the human embryo logical data or proofs presented in the Quraan? Bob: Please go on. This is interesting. Yunus: We know that after fertilization, the egg or ovum descends from the fallopian tube to lodge itself inside the uterus for gestation. This is described in chapter 22, verse 5, ".... We cause whom we will to rest in the womb for an appointed term......". As you know, there are structures or elongations from the egg which develops to draw nourishment from the uterus which is necessary for growth. These structural formations make the egg or rather the zygote seem to be literally clinging to the uterus ....... this, doubtedly, is a scientific discovery of modern times for the western world. Did you know this appearance of clinging is described five times in the Holy Quraan. For example, in chapter 96, verses 1 & 2, "Read, in the name of your Lord who fashioned man from something which clings". Similar ideas are found in chapter 22, verse 5 - chapter 23, verse 14 and chapters 40 & 75. Furthermore, foetal growth is described in great detail in chapter 23, verse 14, with regard to the development of the skeleton. "Then We made the sperm into a clot of congealed blood; Then made that clot into a lump (foetus); then We made out of that lump Bones and clothed the bones with flesh ............" ........ the verse goes on further in this manner of description. Also with regard to the order or sequence of the senses, the Holy Quraan in chapter 32, verse 9 says, "......... He gave you (the faculties of) hearing and of sight........". Today, medical cience cannot argue with this sequence development of the senses in the foetus for it confirms that the development of hearing is completed by five months of pregnancy and that the eye is split open by the seventh month of pregnancy. These facts and more have been brought to light by the western world as late as 1940. Furthermore, Professor Keith More, an embryologist at the university of Toronto in Canada, was asked to make a comparative study of the Embryo logical data in the Holy Quraan with that of modern scientific knowledge and he responded as follows, "The 1300 year old Quraan contains messages so accurate about embryonic development that muslims can reasonably believe them to be from God." Bob: If this is true then how come it has not been recorded in the media? Yunus: But it was ....... check the archives ......for example ....... the citizen, a Canadian Newspaper dated 22 November 1984, under the heading "Ancient Holy Book 1300 years ahead of its time". Or the times of India, New Delhi ...... dated 10 December 1984 under the caption "Koran scores over modern sciences." Bob: This is really fascinating......don't stop..........continue.... Yunus: At this point I am reminded of a very powerful verse of the Holy Quraan which appears in chapter 41, verse 53, "Soon shall we show them our signs in the (furthest) regions of the earth , and in their own souls, until it becomes manifest to them that this is the truth......". Yunus: The holy Quraan even speaks about diabetics. Bob: What do you mean? Yunus: You see, certain foodstuffs are declared unfit for human consumption and are therefore prohibited. Bob: While we are on the topic of food ....... tell me why is it that a muslim is very particular about the words Halaal and Haraam ...... What do they mean? Yunus: That which is permissible is termed Halaal and that which is not permissible is termed Haraam and it is the Quraan which draws the distinction between the two. Bob: Can you give me an example ? Yunus: Yes, Islam has prohibited blood of any type. You will agree that a chemical analysis of blood shows that it contains an abundance of uric acid, a chemical substance which can be injurious to human health. Bob: You're right about the toxic nature of uric acid, in the human being it is excreted as a waste product....... in fact we are told that 98% of the bodies uric acid is extracted from the blood by the kidneys and removed through urination. Yunus: Now I think that you'll appreciate the special prescribed method of animal slaughter in Islam. Bob: What do you mean ? Yunus: You see.....the wielder of the knife, whilst taking the name of the Almighty, makes an incision through the jugular veins, leaving all other veins of the neck intact. Bob: I see.....this causes the death of the animal by a total loss of blood from the body, rather than an injury to any vital organ. Yunus: Yes, were the organs, example the heart, the liver, or the brain crippled or damaged, the animal could die immediately and its blood would congeal in its veins and would eventually permeate (spread throughout) the flesh. This implies that the animal flesh would be permeated and contaminated with uric acid and therefore very poisonous ...... only today did our dietitians realise such a thing. Bob: Again, while on the topic of food........ Why do Muslims condemn the eating of pork or ham or any foods related to pigs or swine. Yunus: Actually, apart from the Quraan prohibiting the consumption of pig flesh, ......in fact the Bible too in Leviticus chapter 11, verse 8, .....regarding swine it says, "of their flesh (of the swine) shall you not eat, and of their carcase you shall not touch; they are unclean to you." Further, did you know that a pig cannot be slaughtered at the neck for it does not have a neck ..........that is according to its natural anatomy. A Muslim reasons that if the pig was to be slaughtered and fit for human consumption the creator would have provided it with a neck. Nonetheless, ........all that aside, I am sure you are well informed about the harmful effects of the consumption of pork, in any form, be it pork chops ...... ham ...... bacon....... Bob: The medical sciences find that there is a risk for various diseases as the pig is found to be a host for many parasites and potential diseases. Yunus: Yes, even apart from that ....as we talked about uric acid content in the blood.....it is important to note that the pig's biochemistry excretes only 2% of its total uric acid content...... the remaining 98% remains as an integral part of the body. This explains the high rate of Rheumatism found in those who consume pork. Bob: Let's fasten our seatbelts ......I think we are going to land shortly .... I guess its true - time does fly when you're having fun. I've never heard these arguments before and I'd like to hear more.......just what is the basic theme of the Holy Quraan anyway ? Yunus: The basic theme is of salvation, in this life and in the life hereafter..... it does not fall into the category of any known arts or sciences of the world, but since it addresses itself to mankind, it touches on almost all the disciplines which concern Him. Thus the Quraan surprisingly encompassed truths which were to be discovered and confirmed much later as our discussion has shown. Bob: This reminds me of the wise words of Sir Francis, who said, "It is a little knowledge of science that makes you an Atheist, and it is an in-depth study of science that makes you a believer in God Almighty". Thereafter nobody said a word ........they each sat back and looked forward waiting for touch down......... please star

Why does Wal Mart Stores, Inc not follow their own guidelines and procedures? Bill Lang wants to transfer to a Sam's Club in Colorado as soon as possible. Mr Lang used to be trusted by Max Rafael Waller who made the mistake of telling him everything before the Termination on Monday, 23 April 2007. Team Lead Ambrosio Galvan also knows a lot of dirty secrets at Sam's Club 6625, but is nervous about losing his job if he sides with Max Rafael Waller Sam's Club PD-57 was NOT adhere to by Club Manager Fidel Jacobo and Membership Manager Esperanza Lopez. No documentation of any complaints and the San Fernando Police Department or the Los Angeles Police Department ever showed for a "Work Place Violence." Please show proof since one complaint and one video tape does NOT establish a workplace violence. Neither Mr Jacobo or Ms Lopez wanted to sign the papers of any meeting between two managers and Max Rafael Waller for Legal Documentation. No meetings to address any potentail problems at the Tire and Battery Center were brought up by the Team Lead or Management. Max Rafael Waller formerly Assoc ID 0035 and Operator 007 proudly served from Tuesday, 13 November 1990 - Monday, 23 April 2007 and only needed about nine years to do a minimal of twenty-five years to retire from Wal Mart Stores, Inc. He was one hundred percent vested in Profit Sharing and had a one month vacation allocated per year. Max Rafael Waller 11261 Sproule Avenue Pacoima CA 91331-155118 http://www.myspace.com/max_rafael_waller Naval Junior Reserve Officer's Training Corps, N.J.R.O.T.C., and alumn of Les Prestigians ~ Class of 1983. San Fernando Senior High School 11333 O'Melveny Avenue San Fernando CA 91340 Telephone:1-818-365-1121 US Army Active Duty: 1984 - 1988 and Individual Ready Reserve, IRR: 1988-1993 Type of Discharge: Honorable RE-1, which is the highest. One Station Unit Training, OSUT 1st Platoon, 4th Squad Echo Company "Outlaws" 7th Infantry Battalion 1st Infantry Training Brigade "Relentless in Training and Unyielding in Battle" Fort Benning Georgia 31905 Continental United States (CONUS) 2nd Platoon Charlie Company "Hard Core Charlie" 3rd Battalion "Battleforce" 327th Infantry (Air Assault) 1st Infantry Brigade "Always First" (Air Assault) 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) "Screaming Eagles" Fort Campbell Kentucky 42223 United States Army Europe (USAEUR) 3rd Platoon Delta Company "Dogs of War" 1st Battalion "Regulars by God" 6th Infantry (Mechanized) 1st Armored Brigade "Forerunners" 1st Armored Division "Old Ironsides" APO NY NY 09140 Storck Barracks at Illesheim West Germany Sam's Club 6625 12920 Foothill Blvd San Fernando CA 91340 Telephone:1-818-365-7710 Facsimile:1-818-365-0690 Sam's Club Awards Division A, now Region A 3rd Quarter Award for Member Service The award was received at Home office in November 2003 Region 54, now District 55 2nd Quarter Award for Member Service The Awards was received at Sam's Club 6625 in October 2003 Sam's Club 6625 September 2003 Associate of the Month The Awards was received at Sam's Club 6625 in October 2003 Wal Mart Today, now Wal Mart World Member Service Legend How it life started to really go down hill December 2006 Mehmet Ekinci {A Hatchet Man and sent to "clean House" is no longer there but in Fresno according to Mr Jason Fastner} said that he was replacing everyone in the tire shop or its proper title: Tire and Battery Center according to Jeff Lopez{no longer works there} and Mark Castro{has recanted}and Bill Lang heard indirectly but will deny it. Max Rafael Waller studied all of Wal-Mart policies and found that if that his remark {INTIMIDATION} could be verified then he would get a coaching for making such a remark. The others are scared to tell the truth. Fidel Jacobo and Enrique Velarde had possibly everybody at Sam's Club gathering information given out by Max Rafael Waller and will reward them by promotion and/or a payraise along with illegal surveillance that GROSSLY violates the Global Ethics Compliance that Wal-Mart Stores, Inc claims to uphold. Fidel Jacobo might had given misinformation through the tire shop boss, Bill Lang. Fidel Jacobo has received a lot of Anti-Union training Bill told Max if the associates did not follow rules let that be the problem of management. Bill Lang is a Team Lead and so he is required to enforce all rules even IF he disagrees. Sam's Club 6625 did the following tactic as of Wednesday, 4 April 2007 with the participation of members. One African-American tried to talk about the union, but Max's reply "You started inserting the talk about the union and so you want to find out what is going on in my head. You wearing clothes so raggedy that your testicles are showing. If you were FBI you would be in trouble for indecent exposure." He left. TACTICS USED BY SAM'S CLUB 6625 / WAL MART STORES, INC Others Associates and one Caucasian-American named Jarrod tried to be his friend. Jarrod in the past ignore him while his friend that came along with him came from another Sam's Club and they enjoy Good Cop and Bad Cop. Their plan was to have enough approaches to seek "friendship" but they were to seek information and what he was up to since some web sites about Sam's Club 6625 are on the internet. Another tactic used by Sam's Club 6625 / Wal Mart Stores, Inc Wal-Mart Stores, Inc will protect their Public Relations and Image AT ANY COST INCLUDING MAKING A PACT Loyal Customers, "grateful" associates, and their vendors and suppliers. Members where to complain to get Max Rafael Waller and Sam's Club 6625 management would had an easy time had him fired for inferior member service. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc WILL improve and better their ways of operating, but it will NOT be easy. They are NOT as horrible as people claim. To give the Appearance that Max Rafael Waller was causing great harm to Wal-Mart Stores, Inc and Sam's Club they had labeled Interview Questions and "Privileged & Confidential" and its Sam's Club University title is More Than A Gut Feeling Participant's Guide A list of interview questions should be deemed Innocuous that would not be Injurious to Wal-Mart Stores, Inc and Sam's Club. The so called witnesses would had been Mr. Fastener and Mr. Lang of Sam's Club 6625. A print out of this document conveniently did not have a date printed to give an appearance that is so sensitive that it is disruptive. These document bring no harm and it shows how Disingenuous and Duplicitous Samuel Robson Walton and the Legal Division of Wal-Mart Stores really are. Mr. Fastener and Mr. Lang were also giving the amount of money lost on the Profit and Loss so the if their conversation would be on the internet. They were hoping for the amount to have been stated, but the fact that the conversation was written was enough to know that he wrote at MySpace. Around Wednesday, 21 March 2007 he dragged the rotting carcass of a dog so children would not touch it. It was in front on the Pepsi Bottling Plant in San Fernando California 91340 and its entrance is on Dronfield Ave. He might have breathed some Bacteria, Germs or other Biological Agents and maybe some Botulism. Esther Topete on Saturday, 24 March 2007 was watering the front lawn at 11261 Sproule Ave, Pacoima California 91331 and was scared. Max picked up a headless Squirrel that had a foul stench and maggots and placed in the garbage bin. INTIAL ATTEMPT TO DISCREDIT WITH A PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION A possible misdiagnosis {two EKG readings, Blood tests, Urine Tests, and Lung X-rays}but no medicine was initiated by Scott Wang MD from Providence Holy Cross Medical Center 15301 Rinaldi St Mission Hills CA 91345 Telephone: 1-818-365-8051 Max was scared because he had a high heart rate and cloudy vision, but it turned out that it could have been a result of MEGADOSING on vitamins and minerals a one result is VITAMIN INTOXICATION. Dr Scott Wang's name could not be found at their website http://www.providence.org/losangeles/facilities/providence_holy_cross/default.htm An old white man claiming to be from a PET {Positive Emitting Tomography} Psychiatric team from Kaiser Permanente never left a business card or a phone number for communication. With a PET scan something called RFID can be planted and placed strategically at vital part of the body to electronically kill Max by devious people and this method of killing American Dissenters is from the FBI and the US Military. It is in the Black Operations of the US Federal Government. They also do Electromagnetic Harassment so please visit http://www.mdspec.com The old white man looked like an actor from Law and Order portraying a Psychiatrist and this IS ILLEGAL. Kaiser Permanente's Behavioral Health Care Member Help Line and their telephone: 1-800-900-3277 On Sunday, 1 April 2007 Dr Paul R Hladon Kaiser Permanente 13652 Cantara St Panorama City CA 91402 Telephone: 1-818-375-2377 A possible misdiagnosis since Max had a burning sensation of his Bronchial tubes and Dr Hladon reluctantly gave the medicine. At first he said it was a possible Acid Reflux BUT HE MIGHT HAVE MISDIAGNOSED OR RUSHED TO MAX OUT OF THE WAY! Someone at Kaiser Permanente placed a magazine despicting death possibly the Filipino Nurses. They claimed that they do NOT have a Physician Desk Reference{http://www.pdrhealth.com/ } which can tell about Dessicant Bacteria and its Incubation Period. The Nursing staff was Disigenous and Duplicitous and COULD NOT BE TRUSTED FOR A HONEST ANSWER ! Dr Paul R Hladon gave RELUCTANTLY Max two prescriptions: Azithromycin Tablet 250MG{Take two tablets daily for seven days} and Ciprofloxacin HCL Tablet 500MG{Take one tablet orally two times a day for fourteen days}. Dr. Hladon had two X-Rays so how did he know to give WHAT medicine{prescription} without blood work and being tested for anything out of the ordinary ? Misdiagnosis kills almost 100,000 Americans yearly! The secret for Wal-Mart not getting caught using tactics, fear and intimidation, is simple: a lot of unwritten rules so there is no evidence. A lot of non-managers associates will respond by saying they see or know nothing of improper treatment. They will also have selective memory. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc has a persistent Legal Divsion that rivals the US Federal Government and has many victories on its belt. It can be verified just ask the New York Times for confirmation. Wal Mart Stores, Inc violate their own Global Ethics policies. Their Global Ethics Office have stated that they only handle Age Discrimination. Read the United Nations Global Compact http://www.unglobalcompact.org/AboutTheGC/TheTenPrinciples/principle10.html http://www.unglobalcompact.org/Issues/transparency_anticorruption/index.html http://www.iccwbo.org/policy/anticorruption/iccfccd/index.html?cookies=no Institute for Global Ethics http://www.globalethics.org/ The FBI will discredit American Dissenters by all necessary means like Biological and Psychological war along with Electronic from their world famous Behavioral Science Unit or BSU The FBI protect multi-national conglomerates Group Stalking and Electromagnetic Harassment are some their tactics. COVERT ELECTROMAGNETIC HARASSMENT The heart has a frequncy and cycle and the EKG also looks for a rythm Two EKG's were done at Holy Cross Hospital by Dr. Scott Wang and with the frequncy the FBI {every day and night}are sending just barely audible to inaudible Electromagnetic pulses and signals PLEASE visit to understand to dark side of the US Federal Government http://www.mdspec.com http://www.homeland-security-join.com http://www.secretangel.tv Use use the Freedom of Information Act and expect the FBI to stone walled and cite National Security and National Interest More on the FBI and US Homeland Security Surveillance, Psychotronics and (Gang)Stalking Operations The Xiandos web site is http://xiandos.info/Surveillance,_Psychotronics_and_(Gang-)Stalking_Operations To verify the FBI's LACK OF COOPERATION Please call 1-310-477-6565 and if they respond only with FBI keep on pressing with the question "May I please have your name." Ask if they were investigating Max Rafael Waller The FBI{twice} were given via e-mail, max_rafael_waller@hotmail.com, the following pertaining to Max Rafael Waller; Social Security Account Number, Driver's License Number with expiration date, Home and Work Address with their telephone numbers. Misinformation has been used succesfully by the LAPD, SFPD, FBI, and etcetera. Bureau of Security and Investigative Services of the State of California http://www2.dca.ca.gov/pls/wllpub/WLLQRYNA$LCEV2.QueryView?P_LICENSE_NUMBER=15863&P_LTE_ID=651 Lincesee Name: Weinhold Investigations License Type: Private Investigator License Number: 15863 License Status: CLEAR Definition (Status Definition: The License/Registration/Permit is current and valid. ) Expiration Date: September 30, 2008 Issue Date: September 29, 1992 City: PINON HILLS County: SAN BERNARDINO Actions: No Business Owners: Weinhold, Peter Herman Related Licenses/Registrations/Permits: No records returned Disciplinary Actions: No records returned This information is updated Monday through Friday - Last updated: APR-24-2007 Disclaimer All information provided by the Department of Consumer Affairs on this web page, and on its other web pages and internet sites, is made available to provide immediate access for the convenience of interested persons. While the Department believes the information to be reliable, human or mechanical error remains a possibility, as does delay in the posting or updating of information. Therefore, the Department makes no guarantee as to the accuracy, completeness, timeliness, currency, or correct sequencing of the information. Neither the Department, nor any of the sources of the information, shall be responsible for any errors or omissions, or for the use or results obtained from the use of this information. Other specific cautionary notices may be included on other web pages maintained by the Department. All access to and use of this web page and any other web page or internet site of the Department is governed by the Disclaimers and Conditions for Access and Use as set forth at California Department of Consumer Affairs' Information and Use of Information(http://www.dca.ca.gov/disclaim.htm). Another headache for Max Rafael Waller Everyone, Managers and Non-Managers, at Sam's Club 6625 willingly volunteered. In December 2006 Pete Weinhold, unkown to Max Rafael Waller, was trying to save a Private Security contract with Sam's Club 6625 and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Pete Weinhold might be working at the Sam's Club in Santa Clarita Sam's Club and in possible contact with Bill Lang who is in denial. Pete Weinhold owns a Private Security firm and is a Private Investigator licensed in the State of California. Mr. Weinhold's Private Security firm employed retired and active Peace Officers. Peace Officers have Police Powers but NOT regular Private Security firms and thus Pete Weinhold can charge extra for this. Mr. Pete Weinhold was desperate to save his contract at Sam's Club 6625 and he found an angle; Max Rafael Waller might be an Internet Predator and Pedophile. Mr Weinhold might be at the Sam's Club in Santa Clarita California. Los Angeles Police Officer Julian Almaraz used to work for Pete Weinhold. Three Questions to Mr Pete Weinhold Why does Mr Pete Weinhold not explain his investigation to make peace ? Is it possible that he broke a lot of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties along with Los Angeles Police Department and San Fernando Police Department ? Will Internal Affairs of the Los Angeles Police Department and San Fernando Police Department get involved or has it becomed a Political Hot Potato ? A failed Sting Operation around February 2007 Undercover Police, two white on the inside and two hispanic waiting outside, were setting up Max Rafael Waller at the MacDonalds in the shopping Center were Sam's Club 6625 is at. The bait was a hispanic looking girl at the register who was possibly under eighteen years old. Max Rafael Waller wanted to show proof that some strangers can be trusted so he showed his id with his home address. The one Undercover asked the other do we spring the trap ? The other said not yet. The reason is that showing were someone lives is NOT illegal and reason enough, BUT what would had sprung the trap was that she would be asked to come to his home and the trap FAILED MISERABLY due to the fact that the girl was NOT invited or given a suggestion for a future contact ! A male manager from MacDonalds who looked middle eastern was nervous HAD confirmed it. No evidence has been found to justify surveillance and justify tactics used by the US Homeland Security and local Law Enforcement. PLEASE show all of the information gathered ! Who are involved: the Los Angeles Police Department, the San Fernando Police Department, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and a lot of associates from Sam's Club 6625 and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. The following have been written around the middle of April 2007 and never responded even though a mailing address was given, except Barbara Boxer. US Senators Barbara Boxer (D-CA) http://boxer.senate.gov/ Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) http://feinstein.senate.gov/public/ Harry Reid (D-NV) http://reid.senate.gov/ Hillary Clinton (D-NY) http://clinton.senate.gov/ Chuck Schumer (D-NY) http://www.senate.gov/~schumer/ Arlen Specter (R-PA) http://specter.senate.gov/ Russ Feingold (D-WI) http://feingold.senate.gov/ Patrick Leahy (D-VT) http://leahy.senate.gov/ US Congress Howard Berman (D) 28th District of California http://www.house.gov/berman/ Nancy Pelosi (D) the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives 8th Congressional District of California http://speaker.house.gov/ Max Rafael Waller has plenty of "Dirty Laundry" or to simply write: acts that are questionable. Sam's Club 6625 Associates are possibly spreading misinformation in the San Fernando Valley especially in Pacoima. One of the is possibly a Check Out Supervisor, COS, Jay with a woman at a cell phone store in Pacoima on Foothill Blvd between Pierce St and Terra Bella St. and this came from a relative of Max.

a republican politician the rev dr kamal karna k roy, u s presidential candidate, a contender nomination GOP ? 4.3. 2008 new york karna | Open Question Resolved Question: cOURT ACTION FOR... AMENDED COMMENT :THE REVEREND DR KAMAL KARNA ROY AS ON 2.2. 2008 FILED A CIVIL RIGHTS ALLEGATION IN u s DISTRICT COURT FOR NEW JERSEY DISTRICT AT TRENTON N J, AGAINST ABOUT 300+ DEFENDANTS WHO WERE ENGAGED IN CAUSING PAIN, HARMS AND DEMOCRATIC DAMAGES LIKE PRE DEATH PAINS TO A U S PATRIOT FOR DENIAL OF DEMOCRATIC BENEFITS TO THE REVEREND DR ROY AS HE WAS AN ORDAINED CLERGY ON VOW OR POVERTY, I R S RULE, AND AS SUCH , HE REMAINED POOR MOST OF HIS LIFE, AND HE WAS A U S AMERIAN POOR, AND HE WAS A MEMBER OF WEAKER COMMUNITIES IN USA AND WAS A MEMBER OF MILLIONS OF HAVE_ NOT IN USA, ABOUT 10 % OF TOTAL U S POPULATION OR 300 MILLIONS IN U S.S , AS SUCH DR WAS VIRTUALLY LEFT OUT BY THE U S NEWS MEDIA AND NEWS MEDIA CONGLOMERATES , AS A CANDIDATE OF HIGH OFFICE AS U S PRESIDENT 2008 FILED ACTION PRO SE ON 2.2.2008 IN THE U S DISTRICT FOR DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY, TRENTON DIVISION TRENTOAMENDED COMMENT :THE REVEREND DR KAMAL KARNA ROY AS ON 2.2. 2008 FILED A CIVIL RIGHTS ALLEGATION : more.. Tag : INJUCTIVE RELIEFS | cOURT ACTION | Resolved Question Open Question: revolving doors of... Hello LISANROY Change Preferences | Sign Out Sign In | Register Now Print Edition | Subscribe NewsNation Investigations Education Photos & Video World Technology KidsPost Discussions Metro Entertainment Religion Corrections Business Health Post Magazine Archives PoliticsPolitics Blogs House/Senate Votes White House Congress 2008 Campaign In Depth Polls In the Loop DC | MD | VA OpinionsOpinions Home Toles Cartoons On Faith Blogs Telnaes Animations PostGlobal Feedback Outlook Discussion Groups LocalMetro News Weather Local Explorer Jobs Education Traffic Community Guides Cars DC | MD | VACrime The Extras Real Estate Columns/Blogs Obituaries Local Business Yellow Pages SportsRedskins D.C. 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United Columns/Blogs NFL Nationals Capitals College Basketball NHL Wizards High Schools Local Colleges NBA Arts & LivingStyle Movies Travel Fashion & Beauty Horoscopes Smart Living Television Books Home & Garden Comics Entertainment News Food & Dining Museums Theater & Dance Crosswords City GuideFind Restaurants Find Local Events Find Movies Visitors Guide Find Bars & Clubs Going Out Gurus JobsSearch JobsCarsBuy a Car Sell a Car Experts & Advice Dealer Specials Coupons Real EstateBuy a Home Sell a Home Property Values RentalsFind a Rental Rent Your Place ShoppingShop New Deals & Discounts Shopper Blog Shop Used Sell Your Stuff Pets SEARCH: washingtonpost.com Web | Search Archiveswashingtonpost.com > Opinions Your Comments On...Offense TakenIn this campaign, there is no room for remarks of any sort on any subject. - By Michael KinsleyCommentsscschmidt wrote:Michael Kinsley's article, "Offense Taken" is way off base. The example that he cited are based on relationships, yes- whether they be a cousin or a hairdresser. However, the GREAT BIG DIFFERENCE is that when someone goes out of their way to verbally expound the degree of influence that someone has on you as well as when you tout this person as a role model or "mentor" - well now this is VERY dofferent. By doing this, you indeed are connecting yourself to this person in every way since you indicated that their beliefs were used to mentor and foster your own beliefs. When you look up to someone as a mentor or role model, you are believing in the basic principles of theirs. Obama's open statements to th ereverend being his spiritual mentor and best friend makes his beliefs as suspect as the reverend's. In addition, Obama can now denounce all he wants to but how could he be a parishioner for 17 years and listen to these types of statements if as Obama NOW states are "outrageous"? I think that we need to realy questiob Obama's truthfullness or question his judgement. In either case, the country should seriously reconsider any support for such a candidate. It is frightening that Obama's paltform really emphasizes "change" and his real agenda would seem to indicate other.We need to change our support to Senator Clinton and assure her success in November.3/17/2008 9:05:12 PMRecommend (0) Report Abuse Discussion Policy LISANROY wrote:amemended comments of dr kamal roy dt 3,17,2008LISANROY wrote:COMmENTS OF REV DR KAMAL KARNA Karuna ROY A REPUBLICAN CANIDATE AND HoPEFUL TO BE the NOMINEE OF GOP IN SCHEDULED ELECTION FOr NOV 4, 2008, IF BE HELD WITHOUT any COURT ORDER OF INJUNCTION to postpone corrpt election as PRAYED BY DR kamal k k ROY ALLEGING SKY_HIGH AND CLOUD_DARK CORRUPTIONS BY DEFENDANTS IN CIVIL ACTIONS FILED IN 20+ U S D COURT actions in 20+ different JURISDICTIONS with allegations against defendants for negligence to enforce laws not TO PUSH OUT ELECTORAL CONTESTANTS FROM WEAKER COMMUNITIES OF HAVE-nots 3/17/2008 9:04:05 PMRecommend (0) Report Abuse Discussion Policy rmorris391 wrote:well this is "midly amusing". While I am generally an advocate of Kinsley, and Slate magazine, as well as, Time magazine. I must take umbrage, with the sacastic tone of this tome. It is a thinly veiled attempt to incite debate over issues, and non-issues, which may be unrelated to the national campaign. While the Mainstream Media (MSM) has too much time on its hands, to consider a long winded campaign, the focus has shifted to non-political discourse, about intractable problems that confound american society. We have issues related to baseball players, after all, who alledgedly used illegal substances to puff up their biceps. Certainly, congress can devise a surge campaign to intervene with major league baseball, and save the poor players from the rich players. After all, the economic crisis in MLB is looming, and requires some "foreign ownership equity." This is, afterall the land of "ownership." At least that is what a young president Bush promised the american public. Once a new president is elected, a series of "signing agreements" can be implemented to remove my umbrages.3/17/2008 8:54:47 PMRecommend (0) Report Abuse Discussion Policy LL22102 wrote:Man.... Youre in trouble... You used the N word.3/17/2008 8:51:00 PMRecommend (0) Report Abuse Discussion Policy LISANROY wrote:COMENTS OF REV DR KAMAL KARNAK ROY A REPUBLICAN CANIDATE AND HPEFUL TO BE NOMINEE OF GOP IN SCHEDULED ELECTION FO NOV 4, 2008, IF BNE HELD WITHOUT COURT ORDER OF INJUNCTION PRAYED BY DR ROY ALLEGING SKY_HIGHJ ANMD CLOUD_DARK CORRUPTIONS BY DEFENDANTS IN CIVIL ACTIONS FILED IN 20+ U S D COURT JURISDICTIONS TO PUSH OUT ELECTORAL CONTESTANTS FROM WEAKER COMMUNITIES OF HAVE-nots in usa, viz rev dr kamal roy, an ondained clegy on vow of poverty declarations with i r s, i e dr roy is u s american poor and a member of weaker communities. Dr roy may not be a quiter from electoral race as a victim of corruptions and he will moe upto u s suprem court until jutie doo are opened to weaker people o uitably contest and may be win us presidency some day in decades ......as a woman is trying for presidency and 1/ 2african_american (black is thriving for presidency in 2008 , w theb hy not a member of have_not community successfuly capture u s presidency, but if the inequitable condition prevail then it may take a revolution or two to make way to succeed asis current jungle democratic condition all over the globe including in usa wherin democracy is defacto a powerplay of super rich, powerfuls, elites in society, human_gods , devils of democracy et al...pakistan poltical parties may keep president musarraf until his end of curren term without questioning his lawfulness in the post and judges who were terminated by musarrf shall not handle the agreement of political parties who came recently in power may create peace in the yet volatile state of pakistan. In view political environment is so clouded to peaceful solutions in groups of divisions and conflicts, a middle couse in between musarraf and political parties appear essential to keep peace in pakistan. opinion/comment repackaged by assistants to the rev kamal karna roy, a u s republican hopeful nd demanding to be nominated as mr clean republican nominee for u s president 2008 no election if be held on time rev lisa n r alston, chief campaign of dr roy for u s president 2008Your Comments On...Needed: Honesty on IraqWithout tying their hands, the candidates need to answer hard questions.start making similar demands. Ah, democracy in action.UPDATE, 11:51 p.m.: Searching my inbox, I noticed that the Obama campaign has announced seven superdelegate pickups since March 4. So there might be something to my "steady drip" theory. With seven weeks until Pennsylvania, a constant stream of superdelegate endorsements is a good way to create the impression of momentum--whether or not the supers in question decided to endorse today, yesterday or last month. Conversely, a sudden flood this week might've struck observers as a show of pre-March 4 support--and left them wondering whether Obama could keep attracting superdelegates after Clinton's wins in Ohio and Texas. Now it *looks like* he is.Hillary Clinton, Barack ObamaPermalink: http://blog.newsweek.com/blogs/stumper/archive/2008/03/06/the-stumper-superdelegate-watch-part-iii-of.aspx Sphere It! Digg It! Newsvine Del.icio.us Facebook Type SizePrint Email RSS Social Networks Permalink: http://blog.newsweek.com/blogs/stumper/archive/2008/03/06/the-stumper-superdelegate-watch-part-iii-of.aspx TrackBack URL: http://blog.newsweek.com/blogs/stumper/trackback.aspx?PostID=226250 Sphere It! Digg It! Newsvine Del.icio.us Facebook Thanks for sharing your feedback! If your feedback doesn't appear right away, please be patient as it may take a few minutes to publish - or longer if the blogger is moderating comments. DiscussEnter Your CommentSubmit Member Comments Posted By: CANDIDATE_REPUBLICAN (March 16, 2008 at 7:19 PM) Black voters, a disaffected young and independent electorate coupled with a disenchanted Black community can easily translate into a drop off of 20% of the turnout. This calculus can be even more devastating in the 11 states that had African American voter turnout percentages of 13% or more in 2004. As the young people might say- the Democrats better recognize!Posted by: theradioactivist | March 16, 2008 05:30 PM Nancy Pelozi doesn't care who will be the best president. Nancy Pelozi is only interested in her representatives electibility for the House, which Nancy controls.Nancy Pelozi is looking less and less attractive as a political figure. She says the right things the Democrats want to hear, and next thing you know, there she is smiling, and grinning ear to ear, standing behind the President while he signs legislation we don't want. gw.Posted by: Iowatreasures | March 16, 2008 05:30 PM j9zig1I believe the correct term is St. Paddy's day. D's, not T's. Otherwise, I find your analysis flawless.Posted by: daweeni | March 16, 2008 05:33 PM Posted by: artemis26:So your argument is that "crossovers" would not vote for Obama in the general? Just clarifying, not being confrontational.______________I don't think they will. He is untested. Has done litt3/17/2008 8:50:49 PMRecommend (0) Report Abuse Discussion Policy LISANROY wrote:3.17. 2008 NEW YORKCOMMENTS OF THE RE DR KAMAL KARNA KARUNA ROY AKA JOSEPH GERONIMO JR (BORN IN GUAM, A U S TERRITORY, PURSUANT TO U S ACT 1978 A US CITIZEN BY BIRTH) A REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE AND HOPEFUL TO BE MR CLEAN REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL NOMINEE FOR SCHEDULED NOV 4 2008 ELECTION IF BE HELD WITHOUT INJUNCTION TO POSTPONE ELECTION FOR DEEPROOTED CORRUPTIONS BY THE DEFENDANTS 440+ NOS0 TO SCREEN OUT BOB_ELITE CANDIDATE VIZ KAMAL KARNA ROY , AN ORDAINED CLERGY ON VOW OF POVERTY ( SEE WEBSITES WIH SEARCH WORDS 3 TO 5 WORDS AT A TIME WITH KAMAL KARNA ROY U S PRESIDENT 2008 REPUBLICAN JUNGLE DEMOCRACY ET AL TO FIND DETAILS ABOUT DR ROY .PHOTO CAN BE SEEN IN WEB PROJECT VOTE SMART KAMAL KARNA ROY.......pakistan poltical parties may keep president musarraf until his end of curren term without questioning his lawfulness in the post and judges who were terminated by musarrf shall not handle the agreement of political parties who came recently in power may create peace in the yet volatile state of pakistan. In view political environment is so clouded to peaceful solutions in groups of divisions and conflicts, a middle couse in between musarraf and political parties appear essential to keep peace in pakistan. opinion/comment repackaged by assistants to the rev kamal karna roy, a u s republican hopeful nd demanding to be nominated as mr clean republican nominee for u s president 2008 no election if be held on time rev lisa n r alston, chief campaign of dr roy for u s president 2008Your Comments On...Needed: Honesty on IraqWithout tying their hands, the candidates need to answer hard questions.start making similar demands. Ah, democracy in action.UPDATE, 11:51 p.m.: Searching my inbox, I noticed that the Obama campaign has announced seven superdelegate pickups since March 4. So there might be something to my "steady drip" theory. With seven weeks until Pennsylvania, a constant stream of superdelegate endorsements is a good way to create the impression of momentum--whether or not the supers in question decided to endorse today, yesterday or last month. Conversely, a sudden flood this week might've struck observers as a show of pre-March 4 support--and left them wondering whether Obama could keep attracting superdelegates after Clinton's wins in Ohio and Texas. Now it *looks like* he is.Hillary Clinton, Barack ObamaPermalink: http://blog.newsweek.com/blogs/stumper/archive/2008/03/06/the-stumper-superdelegate-watch-part-iii-of.aspx Sphere It! Digg It! Newsvine Del.icio.us Facebook Type SizePrint Email RSS Social Networks Permalink: http://blog.newsweek.com/blogs/stumper/archive/2008/03/06/the-stumper-superdelegate-watch-part-iii-of.aspx TrackBack URL: http://blog.newsweek.com/blogs/stumper/trackback.aspx?PostID=226250 Sphere It! Digg It! Newsvine Del.icio.us Facebook Thanks for sharing your feedback! If your feedback doesn't appear right away, please be patient as it may take a few minutes to publish - or longer if the blogger is moderating comments. DiscussEnter Your CommentSubmit Member Comments Posted By: CANDIDATE_REPUBLICAN (March 16, 2008 at 7:19 PM) Black voters, a disaffected young and independent electorate coupled with a disenchanted Black community can easily translate into a drop off of 20% of the turnout. This calculus can be even more devastating in the 11 states that had African American voter turnout percentages of 13% or more in 2004. As the young people might say- the Democrats better recognize!Posted by: theradioactivist | March 16, 2008 05:30 PM Nancy Pelozi doesn't care who will be the best president. Nancy Pelozi is only interested in her representatives electibility for the House, which Nancy controls.Nancy Pelozi is looking less and less attractive as a political figure. She says the right things the Democrats want to hear, and next thing you know, there she is smiling, and grinning ear to ear, standing behind the President while he signs legislation we don't want. gw.Posted by: Iowatreasures | March 16, 2008 05:30 PM j9zig1I believe the correct term is St. Paddy's day. D's, not T's. Otherwise, I find your analysis flawless.Posted by: daweeni | March 16, 2008 05:33 PM Posted by: artemis26:So your argument is that "crossovers" would not vote for Obama in the general? Just clarifying, not being confrontational.______________I don't think they will. He is untested. Has done little in the senate but run for president. The Wright story was not out when he was getting votes from whites due to his "unity" message. It falls flat now. As I said before, I think he loses that Wright issue any way you slice it. Either he didn't think his church was controversial or he didn't know. Which is it? Supporting someone who you say is your "mentor" who says "appalling" things with thousands of dollars is worse than saying them yourself. At least the pastor is being honest. Posted by: j9zig1 | March 16, 2008 05:35 PM NO OBAMA. My reasons are expressed here.www.taylormarsh.comPosted by: mjno | March 16, 2008 05:36 PM Change Preferences | Sign Out Sign In | Register Now Print Edition | Subscribe NewsNation Investigations Education Photos & Video World Technology KidsPost Discussions Metro Entertainment Religion Corrections Business Health Post Magazine Archives PoliticsPolitics Blogs House/Senate Votes White House Congress 2008 Campaign In Depth Polls In the Loop DC | MD | VA OpinionsOpinions Home Toles Cartoons On Faith Blogs Telnaes Animations PostGlobal Feedback Outlook Discussion Groups LocalMetro News Weather Local Explorer Jobs Education Traffic Community Guides Cars DC | MD | VACrime The Extras Real Estate Columns/Blogs Obituaries Local Business Yellow Pages SportsRedskins D.C. 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WillCommentsLISANROY wrote:obama. hillary and mcCain all three have shown their deficits in public image which create deep concern among we the people in usa to investgate/ reopen investigations on female lobbyist pleasure pursuit for influence pedalling (felony charg)against, i r s tax fraud by obama for easy and convinient financing of r /e deal involving obamas house in illinois , in assistance of rezco but obama criminally did not report to i r s for his gain in money in sweet_heart financing on the deal, even gain in illegal conduct on this , the shrewed obama , as reported did not report gain to irs, and that a felony; similarly hillary 1/2 successfully evaded issue of corruption in her involvement in white water r/e scandal , which she temporarily delayed or evaded in wearing cloak of a clintonian first woman. she is not wearing any defence cloak, so f b i et al lawfully and easily punish her for her abusive tendency to common we the people. many in arkansas lost money for hillary's high handed orruption . We the people in usa should not reawad her with u s presidency and we the people would like to see her established in a correction house for her corruption if proved in laws of u s court and bar her for a federal full time job of u s president w e f 1.20. 2009'3/17/2008 8:23:44 PMRecommend (0) Report Abuse Discussion Policy more.. Tag : democracy does | revolving doors | Open Question Resolved Question: no no no to... obama shall definitely prove another presidential hopeful of democrats like rudy giuliani of republicans.Obama's abusive deal in purchase of his home purchase reveals a way of wise people in USA to cut short cut deal.But such short circuit for personal gain is very mischievous when it came to natiional interests and it shall definitely arouse loss of faiths in leadership andpeole turn divisive.It is " we the people" to be decisive to stop his hope with additional scrutiny to lead to denial of patriotic job of a u s Presedent 2008. USA is d9vided on issues. we the people can not burden odd issues to add to confusion.Pl elect the clean person as leader and they are in groups of presoidential hpefuls. we the people may have to cross party_line to elect a dependable leader who may comman pulic faith: jerry alston , with consent of a us presiodential, republian hopeful, the rev dr Kamal karna k roy : see the following;Thanks to everyone who donated in the Wikimedia Foundation fundraiser! You can still make a contribution, or buy Wikimedia merchandise. Kamal Karna RoyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchKamal Karna Roy Born GUAM, A u S TERRITORY IN PACIFIC Residence United States Nationality U S CITIZEN BY BIRTH, PURSUANT TO u s ACT OF 1978, FOR PEOPLE WHO WERE BORM IN GUAM AND in MARIANA ISLANDS in Pacific Ocean regions ,AND who were LIVING IN usa ON DAY OF ENACTMENT OF THE SAId ACT OF 1978. Other names the Rev Dr Joseph Geronimo , Jr.Kamal K. K. Roy.KAMAL KARNA K. ROY Known for as ACTIVIST IN SOCIAL REFORMS IN RESPECTS OF GOD/S, RELIGIONS, PEOPLE, hUMAN_GOD/S ( PEOPLE WITH LEADERSHIP AND APPARENT OR REAL POWERS TO EXERT RIGHTS ON PUBLIC WITH GOOD OR ANY INTENTION OF PUBLIC OR PRIVATE IDEOLOGIES VIZ LATE Iraqi Dictator_President :SADAM HUSSAIN OF IRAQ WHILE HE WAS IN POWER OF UN_NAMED U.S PRESIDENT/S WITH severe CONTROVERSIES IN PUBLIC POLICIES IN MAINLAND usa OR WORLD_WIDE democracies, SAY A ruling GENERAL IN SOME POWER IN SOUTH ASIA. Education has an M B A DEGREE (m s IN SPECIALISATION IN tRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT FROM suny MARITIME COLLEGE , the BRONX, NEW YORK CITY, usa ; STUDIED ADVANCED COURSE LEADING TO ADVANCED CERT. IN pUBLIC ADMN. FROM usda gRADUATE SCHOOL, WASHINTON dc ( SCHOOL id :578- 80- 4399 ; he has 2 Doctoral degrees in management science in fields of management Science and another in field/faculty of Religions / god/s/people from foreign school He has a bachelor's degree in law from foreign cchool of laws and management. He further took in education s in University of Rhode Island,both at Providence and Kingston , in usa and other schools viz City university of new York,Baruch college, New york city, usa et al Employer volunteer ordained clergy with vow of poverty ( U S IRS rule for ordained clergies in USA .group Handicap interests international world religions group. 107 A Scribner avenue, staten Island , New york city, n y 10301, USA Occupation activist, mobile clergy, electronic preacher of multiple or unique god/s and religions , et al. Title mobile clergy,Political activist USA and around globe; currently he is a u s presidential hopeful / candidate for 2008 electoral competition from Republican Party in New York ; strategist for common / weaker people, disadvantaged people in democracy in usa et al to claim leadership including the 2008 Presidency electoral competition: the weaker people aresegregated and removed from electoral race by stategic powerful block in democracy in U S republic including the news media and news conglomerates. see court actions pending in the main article of Dr kamal Karna Roy. strategist of god/s , religions, people, et al, activist Height 5' 8'Political party Republican ( GOP)of usa Religious stance world religions/ multiple religions in unique body and soul and a proponent of the strategy. Spouse a common law wife Children some, maintained by natural mother concerned Kamal Karna Roy (a/k/a Kamal K.K. Roy, a/k/a Rev. Dr. Joseph Geronimo, Jr.) is a prolific pro se litigant who, since at least the early 1990s, has filed numerous lawsuits throughout the United States and its territories under the names Roy and Joseph Geronimo, Jr., as well as under the names of entities that he is affiliated with, including International Siva Consciousness & World Religions, Reforms International, Handicap Interests International, and Jungle Democracy.[1] Roy's lawsuits are often brought against multiple defendants, and feature long, unconventional complaints. Roy has filed lawsuits against God, U.S. Presidents, Supreme Court Justices, fast food restaurants, foreign leaders.[2], and Wikipedia [3] [4].Roy's lawsuits have addressed, among many other things, actions taken by President George W. Bush, overcharging by telecommunication companies, the appointment of Chief Justice John Roberts to the Supreme Court, and "failure of democratic societies and God's role therein."[5] In 2006 Judge Michael W. McConnell of The United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit described a typical Roy complaint:Roy, a/k/a Joseph Geronimo, Jr. filed a 115-page complaint, a 144-page amended complaint, and a 40-page second amended complaint against over sixty defendants, including among many others President Bush, God as U.S.-based divine benefactor, several government agencies, The New York Times, and Kentucky Fried Chicken. In addition to pages of rambling discourse, the complaint contains numerous illegible handwritten remarks.[6]The Tenth Circuit went on to affirm the district court's dismissal of the complaint holding that no discernible claim was apparent from the complaint. Judge McConnell also humorously noted that the court "strongly suspect[ed] at least one defendant was not properly served."[7]Most, if not all, of Roy's complaints have been dismissed. A 2006 United States District Court for the District of Delaware opinion, Jungle Democracy v. U.S., describes Roy as "no stranger to litigation" and provides a partial list of Roy lawsuits that have been dismissed since 1991.[8]Despite Roy's lack of success in the courts, his lawsuits have been discussed in law school classrooms and in law related blogs.[9] [10]In April 2007 Roy filed a civil rights action against, among others, CBS Broadcasting Inc., MSNBC, the United States Government, and controversial radio shock jock Don Imus.[11]In October, 2007, Roy filed a suit in the US District Court, Middle District of Florida, against "Wikipedia Encyclopedia, USA, All News Media, All State Board of Elections, Federal Election Commission". See Dkt. 3:07-cv-00994-VMC-HTS.[edit] References^ Jungle Democracy v. U.S., No. CIV.06-503-SLR, 2006 WL 2616213, at *1 (D. Del. Sept. 12, 2006) ^ Roy v. U.S., No. CIV.06-685-SLR 2007 WL 1109296 at *1 (D. Del. Apr. 11, 2007) ^ http://dockets.justia.com/browse/state-new_hampshire/court-nhdce/noscat-5/ ^ http://www.area603.com/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=1460&blogId=6 ^ Id. ^ Jungle Democracy v. USA Government at Washington, DC & at Denver, 206 Fed.Appx. 756 (C.A.10, 2006) ^ Id. at 757 ^ Jungle Democracy, 2006 WL 2616213, at *1 ^ http://howappealing.law.com/112106.html#019767 ^ http://enmasse.ca/forums/viewtopic.php?p=81431&sid=fbaa29156d22ef55f5adbe22febfcfe8 ^ http://dockets.justia.com/docket/court-dedce/case_no-1:2007cv00206/case_id-38087/ Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamal_Karna_Roy"Categories: Uncategorised people | Year of birth missing (living people) | Place of birth missing (living people) | Living peopleViewsArticle Discussion Edit this page History Watch Personal toolsKamal karna roy My talk My preferences My watchlist My contributions Log out NavigationMain page Contents Featured content Current events Random article interactionAbout Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Donate to Wikipedia Help SearchToolboxWhat links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this article This page was last modified 18:00, 29 October 2007. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers more.. Tag : Obama reverend | hillary clinton | Resolved Question Resolved Question: newer view of usa... Thanks to everyone who donated in the Wikimedia Foundation fundraiser! You can still make a contribution, or buy Wikimedia merchandise. Kamal Karna RoyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchKamal Karna Roy Born GUAM, A u S TERRITORY IN PACIFIC Residence United States Nationality U S CITIZEN BY BIRTH, PURSUANT TO u s ACT OF 1978, FOR PEOPLE WHO WERE BORM IN GUAM AND in MARIANA ISLANDS in Pacific Ocean regions ,AND who were LIVING IN usa ON DAY OF ENACTMENT OF THE SAId ACT OF 1978. Other names the Rev Dr Joseph Geronimo , Jr.Kamal K. K. Roy.KAMAL KARNA K. ROY Known for as ACTIVIST IN SOCIAL REFORMS IN RESPECTS OF GOD/S, RELIGIONS, PEOPLE, hUMAN_GOD/S ( PEOPLE WITH LEADERSHIP AND APPARENT OR REAL POWERS TO EXERT RIGHTS ON PUBLIC WITH GOOD OR ANY INTENTION OF PUBLIC OR PRIVATE IDEOLOGIES VIZ LATE Iraqi Dictator_President :SADAM HUSSAIN OF IRAQ WHILE HE WAS IN POWER OF UN_NAMED U.S PRESIDENT/S WITH severe CONTROVERSIES IN PUBLIC POLICIES IN MAINLAND usa OR WORLD_WIDE democracies, SAY A ruling GENERAL IN SOME POWER IN SOUTH ASIA. Education has an M B A DEGREE (m s IN SPECIALISATION IN tRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT FROM suny MARITIME COLLEGE , the BRONX, NEW YORK CITY, usa ; STUDIED ADVANCED COURSE LEADING TO ADVANCED CERT. IN pUBLIC ADMN. FROM usda gRADUATE SCHOOL, WASHINTON dc ( SCHOOL id :578- 80- 4399 ; he has 2 Doctoral degrees in management science in fields of management Science and another in field/faculty of Religions / god/s/people from foreign school He has a bachelor's degree in law from foreign cchool of laws and management. He further took in education s in University of Rhode Island,both at Providence and Kingston , in usa and other schools viz City university of new York,Baruch college, New york city, usa et al Employer volunteer ordained clergy with vow of poverty ( U S IRS rule for ordained clergies in USA .group Handicap interests international world religions group. 107 A Scribner avenue, staten Island , New york city, n y 10301, USA Occupation activist, mobile clergy, electronic preacher of multiple or unique god/s and religions , et al. Title mobile clergy,Political activist USA and around globe; currently he is a u s presidential hopeful / candidate for 2008 electoral competition from Republican Party in New York ; strategist for common / weaker people, disadvantaged people in democracy in usa et al to claim leadership including the 2008 Presidency electoral competition: the weaker people aresegregated and removed from electoral race by stategic powerful block in democracy in U S republic including the news media and news conglomerates. see court actions pending in the main article of Dr kamal Karna Roy. strategist of god/s , religions, people, et al, activist Height 5' 8'Political party Republican ( GOP)of usa Religious stance world religions/ multiple religions in unique body and soul and a proponent of the strategy. Spouse a common law wife Children some, maintained by natural mother concerned Kamal Karna Roy (a/k/a Kamal K.K. Roy, a/k/a Rev. Dr. Joseph Geronimo, Jr.) is a prolific pro se litigant who, since at least the early 1990s, has filed numerous lawsuits throughout the United States and its territories under the names Roy and Joseph Geronimo, Jr., as well as under the names of entities that he is affiliated with, including International Siva Consciousness & World Religions, Reforms International, Handicap Interests International, and Jungle Democracy.[1] Roy's lawsuits are often brought against multiple defendants, and feature long, unconventional complaints. Roy has filed lawsuits against God, U.S. Presidents, Supreme Court Justices, fast food restaurants, foreign leaders.[2], and Wikipedia [3] [4].Roy's lawsuits have addressed, among many other things, actions taken by President George W. Bush, overcharging by telecommunication companies, the appointment of Chief Justice John Roberts to the Supreme Court, and "failure of democratic societies and God's role therein."[5] In 2006 Judge Michael W. McConnell of The United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit described a typical Roy complaint:Roy, a/k/a Joseph Geronimo, Jr. filed a 115-page complaint, a 144-page amended complaint, and a 40-page second amended complaint against over sixty defendants, including among many others President Bush, God as U.S.-based divine benefactor, several government agencies, The New York Times, and Kentucky Fried Chicken. In addition to pages of rambling discourse, the complaint contains numerous illegible handwritten remarks.[6]The Tenth Circuit went on to affirm the district court's dismissal of the complaint holding that no discernible claim was apparent from the complaint. Judge McConnell also humorously noted that the court "strongly suspect[ed] at least one defendant was not properly served."[7]Most, if not all, of Roy's complaints have been dismissed. A 2006 United States District Court for the District of Delaware opinion, Jungle Democracy v. U.S., describes Roy as "no stranger to litigation" and provides a partial list of Roy lawsuits that have been dismissed since 1991.[8]Despite Roy's lack of success in the courts, his lawsuits have been discussed in law school classrooms and in law related blogs.[9] [10]In April 2007 Roy filed a civil rights action against, among others, CBS Broadcasting Inc., MSNBC, the United States Government, and controversial radio shock jock Don Imus.[11]In October, 2007, Roy filed a suit in the US District Court, Middle District of Florida, against "Wikipedia Encyclopedia, USA, All News Media, All State Board of Elections, Federal Election Commission". See Dkt. 3:07-cv-00994-VMC-HTS.[edit] References^ Jungle Democracy v. U.S., No. CIV.06-503-SLR, 2006 WL 2616213, at *1 (D. Del. Sept. 12, 2006) ^ Roy v. U.S., No. CIV.06-685-SLR 2007 WL 1109296 at *1 (D. Del. Apr. 11, 2007) ^ http://dockets.justia.com/browse/state-new_hampshire/court-nhdce/noscat-5/ ^ http://www.area603.com/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=1460&blogId=6 ^ Id. ^ Jungle Democracy v. USA Government at Washington, DC & at Denver, 206 Fed.Appx. 756 (C.A.10, 2006) ^ Id. at 757 ^ Jungle Democracy, 2006 WL 2616213, at *1 ^ http://howappealing.law.com/112106.html#019767 ^ http://enmasse.ca/forums/viewtopic.php?p=81431&sid=fbaa29156d22ef55f5adbe22febfcfe8 ^ http://dockets.justia.com/docket/court-dedce/case_no-1:2007cv00206/case_id-38087/ Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamal_Karna_Roy"Categories: Uncategorised people | Year of birth missing (living people) | Place of birth missing (living people) | Living peopleViewsArticle Discussion Edit this page History Watch Personal toolsKamal karna roy My talk My preferences My watchlist My contributions Log out NavigationMain page Contents Featured content Current events Random article interactionAbout Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Donate to Wikipedia Help SearchToolboxWhat links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this article This page was last modified 18:00, 29 October 2007. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers more.. Tag : president clean | newer view | Resolved Question Resolved Question: kamal karna roy...

What is the real history of Palestine? Brief timetable of the Palestinian history. 3'rd millennium BC : The Canaanites were the earliest known inhabitants of Palestine. They became urbanized and lived in city-states, one of which was Jericho . They developed an alphabet. Palestine's location at the center of routes linking three continents made it the meeting place for religious and cultural influences from Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Asia Minor. It was also the natural battleground for the great powers of the region and subject to domination by adjacent empires, beginning with Egypt in the 3d millennium BC. 2'rd millennium BC : Egyptian hegemony and Canaanite autonomy were constantly challenged by such ethnically diverse invaders as the Amorites, Hittites, and Hurrians. These invaders, however, were defeated by the Egyptians and absorbed by the Canaanites, who at that time may have numbered about 200000. 14th century BC : Egyptian power began to weaken, new invaders appeared: the Hebrews, a group of Semitic tribes from Mesopotamia, and the Philistines (after whom the country was later named), an Aegean people of Indo-European stock. 1230 BC : Joshua conquered parts of Palestine. The conquerors settled in the hill country, but they were unable to conquer all of Palestine. 1125 BC : The Israelites, a confederation of Hebrew tribes, finally defeated the Canaanites but found the struggle with the Philistines more difficult . Philistines had established an independent state on the southern coast of Palestine and controlled the Canaanite town of Jerusalem. 1050 BC : Philistines with there superior in military organization and using iron weapons, they severely defeated the Israelites about 1050 BC . 1000 BC : David, Israel's great king, finally defeated the Philistines, and they eventually assimilated with the Canaanites . The unity of Israel and the feebleness of adjacent empires enabled David to establish a large independent state, with its capital at Jerusalem. 922 BC : Under David's son and successor, Solomon, Israel enjoyed peace and prosperity , but at his death in 922 BC the kingdom was divided into Israel in the north and Judah in the south . 722-721 BC : When nearby empires resumed their expansion, the divided Israelites could no longer maintain their independence . Israel fell to Assyria. 586 BC : Judah was conquered by Babylonia, which destroyed Jerusalem and exiled most of the Jews living there. Nebuchadnezzar entered Jerusalem. The Temple was sacked and set fire to, and razed to the ground. The Royal Palace and all the great houses were destroyed, the population carried off in chains to Babylon. And they lamented on their long march into exile. 539 BC : Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered Babylonia and he permitted the Jews to return to Judea, a district of Palestine. Under Persian rule the Jews were allowed considerable autonomy. They rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem and codified the Mosaic law, the Torah, which became the code of social life and religious observance. The Jews were bound to a universal God. 333 BC : Persian domination of Palestine was replaced by Greek rule when Alexander the Great of Macedonia took the region. Alexander's successors, the Ptolemies of Egypt and the Seleucids of Syria , continued to rule the country . The Seleucids tried to impose Hellenistic (Greek) culture and religion on the population. 141-63 BC : Jews revolted under the Maccabees and set up an independent state. 132-35 BC : Jews revolts erupted, numerous Jews were killed, many were sold into slavery, and the rest were not allowed to visit Jerusalem. Judea was renamed Syria Palaistina. 63 BC : Jerusalem was overrun by Rome. Herod was appointed King of Judea. He slaughtered the last of the Hasmoneans and ordered a lavish restoration and extension of the Second Temple. A period of great civil disorder followed with strife between pacifists and Zealots, and riots against the Roman authorities. 37-4 BC : During the rule of King Herod the Great Jesus of Nazareth, peace be upon him was born. And years after, he began his teaching mission. His attempts to call people back to the pure teachings of Abraham and Moses were judged subversive by the authorities. He was tried and sentenced to death; "yet they did not slay him but only a likeness that was shown to them." 70 AD : Titus of Rome laid siege to Jerusalem. The fiercely defended Temple eventually fell, and with it the whole city. Seeking a complete and enduring victory, Titus ordered the total destruction of the Herodian Temple. A new city named Aelia was built by the Romans on the ruins of Jerusalem, and a temple dedicated to Jupitor raised up. 313 AD : Palestine received special attention when the Roman emperor Constantine I legalized Christianity. His mother, Helena, visited Jerusalem, and Palestine, as the Holy Land, became a focus of Christian pilgrimage. A golden age of prosperity, security, and culture followed. Most of the population became Hellenized and Christianized . 324 AD : Constantine of Byzantium marched on Aelia. He rebuilt the city walls and commissioned the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and opened the city for Christian pilgrimage. 29-614 AD : Byzantine (Roman) rule was interrupted , however , by a brief Persian occupation and ended altogether when Muslim Arab armies invaded Palestine and captured Jerusalem in AD 638 . 638 AD : The Arab conquest began 1300 years of Muslim presence in what then became known as Filastin. Eager to be rid of their Byzantine overlords and aware of their shared heritage with the Arabs, the descendants of Ishmael, as well as the Muslims reputation for mercy and compassion in victory, the people of Jerusalem handed over the city after a brief siege. They made only one condition, That the terms of their surrender be negotiated directly with the Khalif 'Umar in person. 'Umar entered Jerusalem on foot. There was no bloodshed. There were no massacres. Those who wanted to leave were allowed to, with all their goods. Those who wanted to stay were guarantee protection for their lives, their property and places of worship. Palestine was holy to Muslims because the Prophet Muhammad had designated Jerusalem as the first qibla (the direction Muslims face when praying) and because he was believed to have ascended on a night journey to heaven from the the old city of Jerusalem (al-Aqsa Mosque today) , where the Dome of the Rock was later built. Jerusalem became the third holiest city of Islam. The Muslim rulers did not force their religion on the Palestinians, and more than a century passed before the majority converted to Islam. The remaining Christians and Jews were considered People of the Book. They were allowed autonomous control in their communities and guaranteed security and freedom of worship. Such tolerance was rare in the history of religion . Most Palestinians also adopted Arabic and Islamic culture. Palestine benefited from the empires trade and from its religious significance during the first Muslim dynasty, the Umayyads of Damascus. 750 AD : The power shifted to Baghdad with the Abbasids, Palestine became neglected. It suffered unrest and successive domination by Seljuks, Fatimids, and European Crusaders. It shared, however, in the glory of Muslim civilization, when the Muslim world enjoyed a golden age of science, art, philosophy, and literature. Muslims preserved Greek learning and broke new ground in several fields, all of which later contributed to the Renaissance in Europe. Like the rest of the empire, however, Palestine under the Mamelukes gradually stagnated and declined. 1517 AD : The Ottoman Turks of Asia Minor defeated the Mamelukes, with few interruptions, ruled Palestine until the winter of 1917-18. The country was divided into several districts (sanjaks), such as that of Jerusalem. The administration of the districts was placed largely in the hands of Arab Palestinians, who were descendants of the Canaanites. The Christian and Jewish communities, however, were allowed a large measure of autonomy. Palestine shared in the glory of the Ottoman Empire during the 16th century, but declined again when the empire began to decline in the 17th century. 1831-1840 AD : Muhammad Ali, the modernizing viceroy of Egypt, expanded his rule to Palestine . His policies modified the feudal order, increased agriculture, and improved education. 1840: The Ottoman Empire reasserted its authority, instituting its own reforms . 1845: Jewish in Palestine were 12,000 increased to 85,000 by 1914. All people in Palestine were Arabic Muslims and Christians. 1897: Tthe first Zionist Congress held Basle, Switzerland, issued the Basle programme on the colonization of Palestine. 1904: The Fourth Zionist Congress decided to establish a national home for Jews in Argentina. 1906: The Zionist congress decided the Jewish homeland should be Palestine. 1914: With the outbreak of World War I, Britain promised the independence of Arab lands under Ottoman rule, including Palestine, in return for Arab support against Turkey which had entered the war on the side of Germany. 1916: Britain and France signed the Sykes-Picot Agreement, which divided the Arab region into zones of influence. Lebanon and Syria were assigned to France, Jordan and Iraq to Britain and Palestine was to be internationalized. 1917: The British government issued the Balfour Declaration on November 2, in the form of a letter to a British Zionist leader from the foreign secretary Arthur J. Balfour prmissing him the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine. 1917-1918: Aided by the Arabs, the British captured Palestine from the Ottoman Turks. The Arabs revolted against the Turks because the British had promised them, in correspondence with Shareef Husein ibn Ali of Mecca, the independence of their countries after the war. Britain, however, also made other, conflicting commitments in the secret Sykes-Picot agreement with France and Russia (1916), it promised to divide and rule the region with its allies. In a third agreement, the Balfour Declaration of 1917, Britain promised the Jews a Jewish "national home" in Palestine . 1918: After WW I ended, Jews began to migrate to Palestine, which was set a side as a British mandate with the approval of the League of Nations in 1922. Large-scale Jewish settlement and extensive Zionist agricultural and industrial enterprises in Palestine began during the British mandatory period, which lasted until 1948. 1919: The Palestinians convened their first National Conference and expressed their opposition to the Balfour Declaration. 1920: The San Remo Conference granted Britain a mandate over Palestine. and two years later Palestine was effectively under British administration. Sir Herbert Samuel, a declared Zionist, was sent as Britain's first High Commissioner to Palestine. 1922: The Council of the League of Nations issued a Mandate for Palestine. 1929: Large-scale attacks on Jews by Arabs rocked Jerusalem. Palestinians killed 133 Jews and suffered 116 deaths. Sparked by a dispute over use of the Western Wall of Al-Aqsa Mosque ( this site is sacred to Muslims, but Jews claimed it is the remaining of jews temple all studies shows clearly that the wall is from the Islamic ages and it is part of al-Aqsa Mosque). But the roots of the conflict lay deeper in Arab fears of the Zionist movement which aimed to make at least part of British-administered Palestine a Jewish state. 1936: The Palestinians held a six-month General Strike to protest against the confiscation of land and Jewish immigration. 1937: Peel Commission, headed by Lord Robert Peel, issued a report. Basically, the commission concluded, the mandate in Palestine was unworkable There was no hope of any cooperative national entity there that included both Arabs and Jews. The commission went on to recommend the partition of Palestine into a Jewish state, an Arab state, and a neutral sacred-site state to be administered by Britain. 1939: The British government published a White Paper restricting Jewish immigration and offering independence for Palestine within ten years. This was rejected by the Zionists, who then organized terrorist groups and launched a bloody campaign against the British and the Palestinians. 1947: Great Britain decided to leave Palestine and called on the United Nations (UN) to make recommendations. In response, the UN convened its first special session and on November 29, 1947, it adopted a plan calling for partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab states, with Jerusalem as an international zone under UN jurisdiction. 1947: Arab protests against partition erupted in violence, with attacks on Jewish settlements in retalation to the attacks of Jews terrorist groups to Arab Towns and villages and massacres in hundred against unarmed Palestinian in there homes. 15 May 1948: British decided to leave on this day, leaders of the Yishuv decided (as they claim) to implement that part of the partition plan calling for establishment of a Jewish state. The same day, the armies of Egypt, Transjordan (now Jordan), Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq joined Palestinian and other Arab guerrillas in a full-scale war (first Arab-Israeli War). The Arabs failed to prevent establishment of a Jewish state, and the war ended with four UN-arranged armistice agreements between Israel and Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria. The small Gaza Strip was left under Egyptian control, and the West Bank was controled by Jordan. Of the more than 800,000 Arabs who lived in Israeli-held territory before 1948, only about 170,000 remained. The rest became refugees in the surrounding Arab countries, ending the Arab majority in the Jewish state. 1956: Attckes incursions by refugee guerrilla bands and attacks by Arab military units were made, Egypt refused to permit Israeli ships to use the Suez Canal and blockaded the Straits of Tiran erupted in the second Arab-Israeli War. Great Britain and France joined the attack because of their dispute with Egypt's president Gamal Abdel Nasser, who had nationalized the Suez Canal. Seizing the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula within few days. The fighting was halted by the UN after a few days, and a UN Emergency Force (UNEF) was sent to supervise the cease-fire in the Canal zone. By the end of the year their forces withdrew from Egypt, but Israel refused to leave Gaza until early 1957. 1965: The Palestine Liberation Organization was established. 1967: Nasser's insistence in 1967 that the UNEF leave Egypt, led Israel to attack Egypt, Jordan, and Syria simultaneously on 5th of June. The war ended six days later with an Israeli victory. Israel occuiped Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula, Arab East Jerusalem, West Bank, Golan Heights. After 1967 war, several guerrilla organizations within the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) carried out guerrillas attacks on Israeli miletary targets, with the stated objective of "redeeming Palestine." 1973: Egypt joined Syria in a war on Israel to regain the territories lost in 1967. The two Arab states struck unexpectedly on October 6. After crossing the suez channel the Arab forces gain a lot of advanced positions in Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights and manage to defeat the Israeli forces for more then three weeks. Israeli forces with a massive U.S. economic and military assistance managed to stop the arab forces after a three-week struggle. The Arab oil-producing states cut off petroleum exports to the United States and other Western nations in retaliation for their aid to Israel. In an effort to encourage a peace settlement, U.S. secretary of state, Henry Kissinger, managed to work out military disengagements between Israel and Egypt in the Sinai and between Israel and Syria in the Golan Heights during 1974. 1974: The Arab Summit in Rabat recognized the PLO as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. 1982: Israel launched an invasion of Lebanon aimed at wiping out the PLO presence there. By mid-August, after intensive fighting in and around Bayrut, the PLO agreed to withdraw its guerrillas from the city. Israeli troops remained in southern Lebanon. 1987: Relations between Israel and the Palestinians entered a new phase with the intifada, a series of uprisings in the occupied territories that included demonstrations, strikes, and rock-throwing attacks on Israeli soldiers. 1988: The PNC meeting in Algiers declared the State of Palestine as outlined in the UN Partition Plan 181. 1990: Yasser Arafat addressed the UN Security Council In Geneva demanding UN emergency force to provide international protection for the Palestinian people to safeguard their lives, properties and holy places. 1991: The first comprehensive peace talks between Israel and delegations representing the Palestinians and neighboring Arab states 1993: Israel deported 415 Palestinian men to a buffer zone in southern Lebanon. The deported Palestinians were said by Israeli authorities to be active members of the militant Islamic resistance movement Hamas. Aftersecret negotiations, PM Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat signed an historic peace agreement. Israel agreed to allow for Palestinian self-rule, first in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank town of Jericho, and later in other areas of the West Bank. Feb 1994: An American-born Jewish settler in Hebron, Baruch Goldstein, opened fire in al-Haran al-ebrahime crowded mosque, killing 29 Muslims and wounding 150 more. May 1994: In Cairo - Egypt, Yasser Arafat, and Yitzhak Rabin, signed the final version of the Declaration of Principles. Within 24 hours of the signing, Israeli military forces were scheduled to leave the Gaza Strip and Jericho. July 1994: Yasser Arafat returned to Palestine.

no no no to hillary clinton, b Obama or a reverend dr kamal karna karuna roy aka joseph gernmimo jr ; why ? obama shall definitely prove another presidential hopeful of democrats like rudy giuliani of republicans.Obama's abusive deal in purchase of his home purchase reveals a way of wise people in USA to cut short cut deal.But such short circuit for personal gain is very mischievous when it came to natiional interests and it shall definitely arouse loss of faiths in leadership andpeole turn divisive.It is " we the people" to be decisive to stop his hope with additional scrutiny to lead to denial of patriotic job of a u s Presedent 2008. USA is d9vided on issues. we the people can not burden odd issues to add to confusion.Pl elect the clean person as leader and they are in groups of presoidential hpefuls. we the people may have to cross party_line to elect a dependable leader who may comman pulic faith: jerry alston , with consent of a us presiodential, republian hopeful, the rev dr Kamal karna k roy : see the following; Thanks to everyone who donated in the Wikimedia Foundation fundraiser! You can still make a contribution, or buy Wikimedia merchandise. Kamal Karna Roy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Kamal Karna Roy Born GUAM, A u S TERRITORY IN PACIFIC Residence United States Nationality U S CITIZEN BY BIRTH, PURSUANT TO u s ACT OF 1978, FOR PEOPLE WHO WERE BORM IN GUAM AND in MARIANA ISLANDS in Pacific Ocean regions ,AND who were LIVING IN usa ON DAY OF ENACTMENT OF THE SAId ACT OF 1978. Other names the Rev Dr Joseph Geronimo , Jr. Kamal K. K. Roy. KAMAL KARNA K. ROY Known for as ACTIVIST IN SOCIAL REFORMS IN RESPECTS OF GOD/S, RELIGIONS, PEOPLE, hUMAN_GOD/S ( PEOPLE WITH LEADERSHIP AND APPARENT OR REAL POWERS TO EXERT RIGHTS ON PUBLIC WITH GOOD OR ANY INTENTION OF PUBLIC OR PRIVATE IDEOLOGIES VIZ LATE Iraqi Dictator_President :SADAM HUSSAIN OF IRAQ WHILE HE WAS IN POWER OF UN_NAMED U.S PRESIDENT/S WITH severe CONTROVERSIES IN PUBLIC POLICIES IN MAINLAND usa OR WORLD_WIDE democracies, SAY A ruling GENERAL IN SOME POWER IN SOUTH ASIA. Education has an M B A DEGREE (m s IN SPECIALISATION IN tRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT FROM suny MARITIME COLLEGE , the BRONX, NEW YORK CITY, usa ; STUDIED ADVANCED COURSE LEADING TO ADVANCED CERT. IN pUBLIC ADMN. FROM usda gRADUATE SCHOOL, WASHINTON dc ( SCHOOL id :578- 80- 4399 ; he has 2 Doctoral degrees in management science in fields of management Science and another in field/faculty of Religions / god/s/people from foreign school He has a bachelor's degree in law from foreign cchool of laws and management. He further took in education s in University of Rhode Island,both at Providence and Kingston , in usa and other schools viz City university of new York,Baruch college, New york city, usa et al Employer volunteer ordained clergy with vow of poverty ( U S IRS rule for ordained clergies in USA .group Handicap interests international world religions group. 107 A Scribner avenue, staten Island , New york city, n y 10301, USA Occupation activist, mobile clergy, electronic preacher of multiple or unique god/s and religions , et al. Title mobile clergy,Political activist USA and around globe; currently he is a u s presidential hopeful / candidate for 2008 electoral competition from Republican Party in New York ; strategist for common / weaker people, disadvantaged people in democracy in usa et al to claim leadership including the 2008 Presidency electoral competition: the weaker people aresegregated and removed from electoral race by stategic powerful block in democracy in U S republic including the news media and news conglomerates. see court actions pending in the main article of Dr kamal Karna Roy. strategist of god/s , religions, people, et al, activist Height 5' 8' Political party Republican ( GOP)of usa Religious stance world religions/ multiple religions in unique body and soul and a proponent of the strategy. Spouse a common law wife Children some, maintained by natural mother concerned Kamal Karna Roy (a/k/a Kamal K.K. Roy, a/k/a Rev. Dr. Joseph Geronimo, Jr.) is a prolific pro se litigant who, since at least the early 1990s, has filed numerous lawsuits throughout the United States and its territories under the names Roy and Joseph Geronimo, Jr., as well as under the names of entities that he is affiliated with, including International Siva Consciousness & World Religions, Reforms International, Handicap Interests International, and Jungle Democracy.[1] Roy's lawsuits are often brought against multiple defendants, and feature long, unconventional complaints. Roy has filed lawsuits against God, U.S. Presidents, Supreme Court Justices, fast food restaurants, foreign leaders.[2], and Wikipedia [3] [4]. Roy's lawsuits have addressed, among many other things, actions taken by President George W. Bush, overcharging by telecommunication companies, the appointment of Chief Justice John Roberts to the Supreme Court, and "failure of democratic societies and God's role therein."[5] In 2006 Judge Michael W. McConnell of The United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit described a typical Roy complaint: Roy, a/k/a Joseph Geronimo, Jr. filed a 115-page complaint, a 144-page amended complaint, and a 40-page second amended complaint against over sixty defendants, including among many others President Bush, God as U.S.-based divine benefactor, several government agencies, The New York Times, and Kentucky Fried Chicken. In addition to pages of rambling discourse, the complaint contains numerous illegible handwritten remarks.[6] The Tenth Circuit went on to affirm the district court's dismissal of the complaint holding that no discernible claim was apparent from the complaint. Judge McConnell also humorously noted that the court "strongly suspect[ed] at least one defendant was not properly served."[7] Most, if not all, of Roy's complaints have been dismissed. A 2006 United States District Court for the District of Delaware opinion, Jungle Democracy v. U.S., describes Roy as "no stranger to litigation" and provides a partial list of Roy lawsuits that have been dismissed since 1991.[8] Despite Roy's lack of success in the courts, his lawsuits have been discussed in law school classrooms and in law related blogs.[9] [10] In April 2007 Roy filed a civil rights action against, among others, CBS Broadcasting Inc., MSNBC, the United States Government, and controversial radio shock jock Don Imus.[11] In October, 2007, Roy filed a suit in the US District Court, Middle District of Florida, against "Wikipedia Encyclopedia, USA, All News Media, All State Board of Elections, Federal Election Commission". See Dkt. 3:07-cv-00994-VMC-HTS. [edit] References ^ Jungle Democracy v. U.S., No. CIV.06-503-SLR, 2006 WL 2616213, at *1 (D. Del. Sept. 12, 2006) ^ Roy v. U.S., No. CIV.06-685-SLR 2007 WL 1109296 at *1 (D. Del. Apr. 11, 2007) ^ http://dockets.justia.com/browse/state-new_hampshire/court-nhdce/noscat-5/ ^ http://www.area603.com/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=1460&blogId=6 ^ Id. ^ Jungle Democracy v. USA Government at Washington, DC & at Denver, 206 Fed.Appx. 756 (C.A.10, 2006) ^ Id. at 757 ^ Jungle Democracy, 2006 WL 2616213, at *1 ^ http://howappealing.law.com/112106.html#019767 ^ http://enmasse.ca/forums/viewtopic.php?p=81431&sid=fbaa29156d22ef55f5adbe22febfcfe8 ^ http://dockets.justia.com/docket/court-dedce/case_no-1:2007cv00206/case_id-38087/ Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamal_Karna_Roy" Categories: Uncategorised people | Year of birth missing (living people) | Place of birth missing (living people) | Living people Views Article Discussion Edit this page History Watch Personal tools Kamal karna roy My talk My preferences My watchlist My contributions Log out Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article interaction About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Donate to Wikipedia Help Search Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this article This page was last modified 18:00, 29 October 2007. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers

Is it right that Our politicians will vote for Israeli needs while ignoring what the common american wants? Old Yesterday, 06:10 PM #1 Cartman Remember the Intifada Cartman's Avatar Join Date: May 2007 Location: Dallas, Texas Posts: 1,394 Reputation: points: 4864 / Rep Power: 50 Cartman has a reputation beyond reputeCartman has a reputation beyond reputeCartman has a reputation beyond reputeCartman has a reputation beyond reputeCartman has a reputation beyond reputeCartman has a reputation beyond reputeCartman has a reputation beyond reputeCartman has a reputation beyond reputeCartman has a reputation beyond reputeCartman has a reputation beyond reputeCartman has a reputation beyond repute Israeli Lobby In America:Corruption of The American Politician "It makes no sense at all to try to deny the reality of Jewish power and prominence in popular culture." -- Michael Medved, well-known Jewish author and respected film critic. For decades Israel has violated well established precepts of international law and defied numerous United Nations resolutions in its occupation of conquered lands, in extra-judicial killings, and in its repeated acts of military aggression. Most of the world regards Israel's policies, and especially its oppression of Palestinians, as outrageous and criminal. This international consensus is reflected, for example, in numerous UN resolutions condemning Israel, which have been approved with overwhelming majorities. "The whole world," United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan recently said, "is demanding that Israel withdraw [from occupied Palestinian territories]. I don't think the whole world ... can be wrong." [note 1] Only in the United States do politicians and the media still fervently support Israel and its policies. For decades the US has provided Israel with crucial military, diplomatic and financial backing, including more than $3 billion each year in aid. Why is the U.S. the only remaining bastion of support for Israel? Bishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa, who was awarded the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize, has candidly identified the reason: "The Israeli government is placed on a pedestal [in the US], and to criticize it is to be immediately dubbed anti-Semitic," he said. "People are scared in this country, to say wrong is wrong because the Jewish lobby is powerful -- very powerful." [note 2] Bishop Tutu spoke the truth. Although Jews make up only about three percent of the US population, they wield immense power and influence -- vastly more than any other ethnic or religious group. As Jewish author and political science professor, Benjamin Ginsberg, has pointed out: [note 3] "Since the 1960s, Jews have come to wield considerable influence in American economic, cultural, intellectual and political life. Jews played a central role in American finance during the 1980s, and they were among the chief beneficiaries of that decade's corporate mergers and reorganizations." Today, though barely two percent of the nation's population is Jewish, close to half its billionaires are Jews. The chief executive officers of the three major television networks and the four largest film studios are Jews, as are the owners of the nation's largest newspaper chain and the most influential single newspaper, the New York Times ... The role and influence of Jews in American politics is equally marked. Jews are only two percent of the nation's population yet comprise eleven percent of what this study defines as the nation's elite. However, Jews constitute more than 25 percent of the elite journalists and publishers, more than 17 percent of the leaders of important voluntary and public interest organizations, and more than 15 percent of the top ranking civil servants. Stephen Steinlight, former Director of National Affairs of the American Jewish Committee, similarly notes the "disproportionate political power" of Jews, which is "pound for pound the greatest of any ethnic/cultural group in America." He goes on to explain that "Jewish economic influence and power are disproportionately concentrated in Hollywood, television, and in the news industry." [note 4] Two well-known Jewish writers, Seymour Lipset and Earl Raab, pointed out in their 1995 book, Jews and the New American Scene: [note 5] "During the last three decades Jews [in the United States] have made up 50 percent of the top two hundred intellectuals ... 20 percent of professors at the leading universities ... 40 percent of partners in the leading law firms in New York and Washington ... 59 percent of the directors, writers, and producers of the 50 top-grossing motion pictures from 1965 to 1982, and 58 percent of directors, writers, and producers in two or more primetime television series." The influence of American Jewry in Washington, notes the Israeli daily Jerusalem Post, is "far disproportionate to the size of the community, Jewish leaders and U.S. official acknowledge. But so is the amount of money they contribute to [election] campaigns." One member of the influential Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations "estimated Jews alone had contributed 50 percent of the funds for [President Bill] Clinton's 1996 re-election campaign." [note 6] "It makes no sense at all to try to deny the reality of Jewish power and prominence in popular culture," acknowledges Michael Medved, a well-known Jewish author and film critic. "Any list of the most influential production executives at each of the major movie studios will produce a heavy majority of recognizably Jewish names." [note 7] One person who has carefully studied this subject is Jonathan J. Goldberg, now editor of the influential Jewish community weekly 'Forward.' In his 1996 book, Jewish Power, he wrote: [note 8] "In a few key sectors of the media, notably among Hollywood studio executives, Jews are so numerically dominant that calling these businesses Jewish-controlled is little more than a statistical observation ... Hollywood at the end of the twentieth century is still an industry with a pronounced ethnic tinge. Virtually all the senior executives at the major studios are Jews. Writers, producers, and to a lesser degree directors are disproportionately Jewish -- one recent study showed the figure as high as 59 percent among top-grossing films." The combined weight of so many Jews in one of America's most lucrative and important industries gives the Jews of Hollywood a great deal of political power. They are a major source of money for Democratic candidates. Reflecting their role in the American media, Jews are routinely portrayed as high-minded, altruistic, trustworthy, compassionate, and deserving of sympathy and support. While millions of Americans readily accept such stereotyped imagery, not everyone is impressed. "I am very angry with some of the Jews," complained actor Marlon Brando during a 1996 interview. "They know perfectly well what their responsibilities are ... Hollywood is run by Jews. It's owned by Jews, and they should have a greater sensitivity about the issue of people who are suffering." [note 9] A Well-Entrenched Factor The intimidating power of the "Jewish lobby" is not a new phenomenon, but has long been an important factor in American life. In 1941 Charles Lindbergh spoke about the danger of Jewish power in the media and government. The shy 39-year-old -- known around the world for his epic 1927 New York to Paris flight, the first solo trans-Atlantic crossing -- was addressing 7,000 people in Des Moines, Iowa, on September 11, 1941, about the dangers of US involvement in the war then raging in Europe. The three most important groups pressing America into war, he explained, were the British, the Jews, and the Roosevelt administration. Of the Jews, he said: "Their greatest danger to this country lies in their large ownership and influence in our motion pictures, our press, our radio, and our government." Lindbergh went on: "For reasons which are understandable from their viewpoint as they are inadvisable from ours, for reasons which are not American, [they] wish to involve us in the war. We cannot blame them for looking out for what they believe to be their own interests, but we must also look out for ours. We cannot allow the natural passions and prejudices of other peoples to lead our country to destruction." In 1978, Jewish American scholar Alfred M. Lilienthal wrote in his detailed study, The Zionist Connection: [note 10] "How has the Zionist will been imposed on the American people?... It is the Jewish connection, the tribal solidarity among themselves and the amazing pull on non-Jews, that has molded this unprecedented power ... In the larger metropolitan areas, the Jewish-Zionist connection thoroughly pervades affluent financial, commercial, social, entertainment, and art circles." As a result of the Jewish grip on the media, wrote Lilienthal, news coverage of the Israel-Palestine conflict in American television, newspapers and magazines is relentlessly sympathetic to Israel. This is manifest, for example, in the misleading portrayal of Palestinian "terrorism." As Lilienthal put it: "One-sided reportage on terrorism, in which cause is never related to effect, was assured because the most effective component of the Jewish connection is probably that of media control." One-Sided 'Holocaust' History The Jewish hold on cultural and academic life has had a profound impact on how Americans look at the past. Nowhere is the well-entrenched Judeocentric view of history more obvious than in the "Holocaust" media campaign, which focuses on the fate of Jews in Europe during World War II. Israeli Holocaust historian Yehuda Bauer, a professor at Hebrew University in Jerusalem, has remarked: [note 11] "Whether presented authentically or inauthentically, in accordance with the historical facts or in contradiction to them, with empathy and understanding or as monumental kitsch, the Holocaust has become a ruling symbol of our culture ... Hardly a month goes by without a new TV production, a new film, a new drama, new books, prose or poetry, dealing with the subject, and the flood is increasing rather than abating." Non-Jewish suffering simply does not merit comparable attention. Overshadowed in the focus on Jewish victimization are, for example, the tens of millions of victims of America's World War II ally, Stalinist Russia, along with the tens of millions of victims of China's Maoist regime, as well as the 12 to 14 million Germans, victims of the flight and expulsion of 1944-1949, of whom some two million lost their lives. The well-financed Holocaust media and "educational" campaign is crucially important to the interests of Israel. Paula Hyman, a professor of modern Jewish history at Yale University, has observed: "With regard to Israel, the Holocaust may be used to forestall political criticism and suppress debate; it reinforces the sense of Jews as an eternally beleaguered people who can rely for their defense only upon themselves. The invocation of the suffering endured by the Jews under the Nazis often takes the place of rational argument, and is expected to convince doubters of the legitimacy of current Israeli government policy." [note 12] Norman Finkelstein, a Jewish scholar who has taught political science at City University of New York (Hunter College), says in his book, 'The Holocaust Industry,' that "invoking The Holocaust" is "a ploy to delegitimize all criticism of Jews."[note 13] "By conferring total blamelessness on Jews, the Holocaust dogma immunizes Israel and American Jewry from legitimate censure. ... Organized Jewry has exploited the Nazi holocaust to deflect criticism of Israel's and its own morally indefensible policies." He writes of the brazen "shakedown" of Germany, Switzerland and other countries by Israel and organized Jewry "to extort billions of dollars." "The Holocaust," Finkelstein predicts, "may yet turn out to be the 'greatest robbery in the history of mankind'." Jews in Israel feel free to act brutally against Arabs, writes Israeli journalist Ari Shavit, "believing with absolute certitude that now, with the White House, the Senate and much of the American media in our hands, the lives of others do not count as much as our own." [note 14] Admiral Thomas Moorer, former Chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, has spoken with blunt exasperation about the Jewish-Israeli hold on the United States: [note 15] "I've never seen a President -- I don't care who he is -- stand up to them [the Israelis]. It just boggles the mind. They always get what they want. The Israelis know what is going on all the time. I got to the point where I wasn't writing anything down. If the American people understood what a grip those people have got on our government, they would rise up in arms. Our citizens certainly don't have any idea what goes on." Today, the danger is greater than ever. Israel and Jewish organizations, in collaboration with this country's pro-Zionist Christian fundamentalist "amen corner," are prodding the United States -- the world's foremost military and economic power -- into new wars against Israel's enemies. As the French ambassador in London recently acknowledged, Israel -- which he called (a quote which shocked millions -ed) "that ****ty little country" -- is a threat to world peace. "Why should the world be in danger of World War III because of those people?," he said. [note 16] In summation: Jews wield immense power and influence in the United States. The "Jewish lobby" is a decisive factor in US support for Israel. Jewish-Zionist interests are not identical to American interests. In fact, they often conflict. As long as the "very powerful" Jewish lobby remains entrenched, there will be no end to the systematic Jewish-Zionist distortion of current affairs and history, the Jewish-Zionist domination of the U.S. political system, Zionist oppression of Palestinians, the bloody conflict between Jews and non-Jews in the Middle East, and the Israeli threat to peace. Notes 1. Quoted in Forward (New York City), April 19, 2002, p. 11. 2. D. Tutu, "Apartheid in the Holy Land," The Guardian (Britain), April 29, 2002. 3. Benjamin Ginsberg, The Fatal Embrace: Jews and the State (University of Chicago, 1993), pp. 1, 103. 4. S. Steinlight, "The Jewish Stake in America's Changing Demography: Reconsidering a Misguided Immigration Policy," Center for Immigration Studies , Nov. 2001. http://www.cis.org/articles/2001/back130... 5. Seymour Martin Lipset and Earl Raab, Jews and the New American Scene (Harvard Univ. Press, 1995), pp. 26-27. 6. Janine Zacharia, "The Unofficial Ambassadors of the Jewish State," The Jerusalem Post (Israel), April 2, 2000. Reprinted in "Other Voices," June 2000, p. OV-4, a supplement to The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs. 7. M. Medved, "Is Hollywood Too Jewish?," Moment, Vol. 21, No. 4 (1996), p. 37. 8. Jonathan Jeremy Goldberg, Jewish Power: Inside the American Jewish Establishment (Addison-Wesley, 1996), pp. 280, 287-288. See also pp. 39-40, 290-291. 9. Interview with Larry King, CNN network, April 5, 1996. "Brando Remarks," Los Angeles Times, April 8, 1996, p. F4 (OC). A short time later, Brando was obliged to apologize for his remarks. 10. A. Lilienthal, The Zionist Connection (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1978), pp. 206, 218, 219, 229. 11. From a 1992 lecture, published in: David Cesarani, ed., The Final Solution: Origins and Implementation (London and New York: Routledge, 1994), pp. 305, 306. 12. Paula E. Hyman, "New Debate on the Holocaust," The New York Times Magazine , Sept. 14, 1980, p. 79. 13. Norman G. Finkelstein, The Holocaust Industry (London, New York: Verso, 2000), pp. 130, 138, 139, 149. 14. The New York Times, May 27, 1996. Shavit is identified as a columnist for Ha'aretz, a Hebrew-language Israeli daily newspaper, "from which this article is adapted." 15. Interview with Moorer, Aug. 24, 1983. Quoted in: Paul Findley, They Dare to Speak Out: People and Institutions Confront Israel's Lobby (Lawrence Hill, 1984 and 1985), p. 161. 16. D. Davis, "French Envoy to UK: Israel Threatens World Peace," Jerusalem Post, Dec. 20, 2001. The French ambassador is Daniel Bernard.6/02 About the author Mark Weber is director of the Institute for Historical Review. He studied history at the University of Illinois (Chicago), the University of Munich, Portland State University and Indiana University (M.A., 1977). For nine years he served as editor of the IHR's Journal of Historical Review. www.ihr.org * 1 hour ago * - Edit * - Delete Source(s): the article was from this site http://www.rense.com/general27/jlobby.ht... strictly militant, exactly, are you a muslim brother rz, being against the state of israel doesnt make one anti-jew, i can see the media has brainwashd you already my point is not that israel is attacking the US militarily, but that why is it that israeli money is able to buy politicians votes and that takes precedence over the United States citizens

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That effort coincided with Pawlenty's fast-rising prospects to become Sen. John McCain's choice for vice presi... - By Robert D. Novak CommentsLISANROY wrote: Gandelman Bio | The Moderate Voice James Joyner Bio | Outside the Beltway Brian Leubitz Bio | Calitics Jeralyn Merritt Bio | TalkLeft Ed Morrissey Bio | Captain's Quarters David Oatney Bio | The World According to Oatney Oliver Willis Bio | OliverWillis.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Checkpoint Baghdad Countdown to Beijing Level Up I, Breeder The Gold Digger Lab Notes The All-Starr Blog Soldier's Home Stumper Why it Matters -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LinksThe Caucus The Fix OnPolitics Hotline Blog Campaign Junkie First Read Pollster Tech President PrezVid Wonkette Marc Ambinder Ben Smith Jonathan Martin The Politico: Playbook The Stump The Plank Paul Krugman Ezra Klein Kevin Drum Atrios Daily Kos Huffington Post Talking Points Memo The Corner Redstate Instapundit Captain's Quarters Michelle Malkin Hugh Hewitt Powerline N.H. Presidential Watch Radio Iowa Featured PostingsCaptain's Quarters: Obama's Sotto Voce To Canadians: I'm Demagoguing On NAFTA 6:32 AM, February 28, 2008 | Comments (0) Barack Obama has joined Hillary Clinton in trashing one of her husband's major economic and diplomatic achievements on the stump. He has told Americans that he rejects NAFTA, the program that created a free-trade zone out of North America, hoping to ride... -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Talk Left: A Skeptical Progressive Examines Obama's Record, Concludes " Count Me Out" 2:40 AM, February 28, 2008 | Comments (2) Crooks and Liars: Dick Gregory apologizes to the first Black President 6:50 PM, February 27, 2008 | Comments (0)ArchivesSee All from FebruaryPreviousFebruary 2008NextSun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 About The Media Bloggers Association The Media Bloggers Association is a nonpartisan organization dedicated to promoting, protecting and educating its members; supporting the development of "blogging" or "citizen journalism" as a distinct form of media; and helping to extend the power of the press, with all the rights and responsibilities that entails, to every citizen. MBA Members support the freewheeling expression of ideas and strong personal opinions inherent to blogging but are equally committed to commonly accepted journalistic standards of fairness, accuracy, transparency and accountability in expressing those ideas and opinions. Read more about the MBA here. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LATEST NEWSWEEK BLOG POSTS One Shiite Muslim’s Journey Starr Gazing: Let the Games Be Games The Latest Military Survey Obama's Logo Gets Groovy Yao Ming Breaks His Foot--and Chinese Hearts -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SPONSORED LINKS "Barack Obama Exposed" A Free special report on the real Barack Obama - get your copy today! www.HumanEvents.com Hillary Clinton Yes or No Vote for or against Hillary Clinton 1-minute poll. www.indpolls.com/hillary-clinton Obama Campaign Website Register now for invitations to attend Barack Obama campaign events BarackObama.com Full Post Posted Wednesday, February 20, 2008 9:04 PM Talk Left: McCain Slams NY Times Article Linking Him to Female Lobbyist Anonymous Bump and Update: McCain releases a statement condemning the New York Times article. Olbermann read it really fast but I didn't hear any denial of the allegations pertaining to the female lobbyist. *** read more Read the Full Post Advertisement Permalink: http://www.blog.newsweek.com/blogs/theruckus/archive/2008/02/20/talk-left-mccain-slams-ny-times-article-linking-him-to-female-lobbyist.aspx Sphere It! Digg It! Newsvine Del.icio.us Facebook Type SizePrint Email RSS Social Networks Permalink: http://www.blog.newsweek.com/blogs/theruckus/archive/2008/02/20/talk-left-mccain-slams-ny-times-article-linking-him-to-female-lobbyist.aspx TrackBack URL: http://www.blog.newsweek.com/blogs/theruckus/trackback.aspx?PostID=194217 Sphere It! Digg It! Newsvine Del.icio.us Facebook DiscussEnter Your CommentSubmit Member Comments Posted By: Thevail (February 21, 2008 at 12:36 AM) Has anyone heard of the Keating 5..this isn't McCain's first issue with stuff like that. Keating Five The Keating Five (or Keating Five Scandal) refers to a Congressional scandal related to the collapse of most of the Savings and Loan institutions in the United States in the late 1980s. Following the deregulation of the banking industry in the 1980s, savings and loan associations (also known as thrifts) were given the flexibility to invest their depositors' funds in commercial real estate. (Previously, they had been restricted to investing in residential real estate.) Many savings and loan associations began making risky investments. As a result, the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, the federal agency that regulates the industry, tried to clamp down on the trend. In so doing, however, the FHLBB clashed with the Reagan administration, whose policy was deregulation of many industries, including the thrift industry. The administration declined to submit budgets to Congress that would request more funding for the FHLBB's regulatory efforts. In 1989, the Lincoln Savings and Loan Association of Irvine, Calif., collapsed. Lincoln's chairman, Charles H. Keating Jr., was faulted for the thrift's failure. Keating, however, told the House Banking Committee that the FHLBB and its former chief Edwin J. Gray were pursuing a vendetta against him. Gray testified that several U.S. senators had approached him and requested that he ease off on the Lincoln investigation. It came out that these senators had been beneficiaries of $1.3 million (collective total) in campaign contributions from Keating. This allegation set off a series of investigations by the California government, the United States Department of Justice, and the Senate Ethics Committee. The ethics committee's investigation focused on five senators: Alan Cranston (D-CA); Dennis DeConcini (D-AZ); John Glenn (D-OH); John McCain (R-AZ); and Donald W. Riegle, Jr. (D-MI), who became known as the Keating Five. After months of testimony revealed that all five senators acted improperly to differing degrees, the senators continually said they were following the status quo of campaign funding practices. In August 1991, the committee concluded that Cranston, DeConcini, and Riegle's conduct constituted substantial interference with the FHLBB's enforcement efforts and that they had done so at the behest of Charles Keating. The committee recommended censure for Cranston and criticized the other four for "questionable conduct." As it happened, Cranston, who was nearly 80 years of age, had already decided not to run for re-election in 1992. DeConcini and Riegle continued to serve in the Senate until their terms expired, but they did not seek re-election in 1994. DeConcini was appointed by President Bill Clinton in February, 1995 to the Board of Directors of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. [1] Glenn did choose to run for re-election in 1992 and it was anticipated that he would have some difficulty winning a fourth term in the Senate. However, Glenn handily defeated Lieutenant Governor R. Michael DeWine for one more term in the Senate before retiring in 1999. The scandal was followed by a number of attempts to adopt campaign finance reform—spearheaded by U.S. Sen. David Boren (D-OK)—but most attempts died in committee. A weakened reform was passed in 1993. Substantial campaign finance reform was not passed until the adoption of the McCain-Feingold Act in 2002. The only member of the Keating Five still in the U.S. Senate is John McCain. John McCain was forced to re-invent himself as a campaign reformer in order to keep his seat in the Senate. Now he’s running for President, the biggest lobbyist haven of all. Report Abuse -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Posted By: CANDIDATE_REPUBLICAN (February 21, 2008 at 12:57 AM) rev ms lisa n roy alston, reforms agent , reforms int'l in Association with ahndicap interests international world religions group ein 13 3566610 tax eempt non pofit :issue democratic redevelopment in usa et al, released with consent of the reverend dr kamal karna karuna roy , republican hopeful and candidate , u s presidential electoral competition 2008 : Hello LISANROY Change Preferences | Sign Out Sign In | Register Now Print Edition | Subscribe NewsNation Investigations Education Photos & Video World Technology KidsPost Discussions Metro Entertainment Religion Corrections Business Health Post Magazine Archives PoliticsPolitics Blogs House/Senate Votes White House Congress 2008 Campaign In Depth Polls In the Loop DC | MD | VA OpinionsOpinions Home Toles Cartoons On Faith Blogs Telnaes Animations PostGlobal Feedback Outlook Discussion Groups LocalMetro News Weather Local Explorer Jobs Education Traffic Community Guides Cars DC | MD | VACrime The Extras Real Estate Columns/Blogs Obituaries Local Business Yellow Pages SportsRedskins D.C. 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The Democrats' To-Do Lists Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama face opposite challenges in pursuing the Democratic nomination. - By Ruth Marcus CommentsLISANROY wrote: Barack hussein Obama, an accidetal president designed by u s media; hillary rhodham cinton a bag lady of pre clinton & pro clinton era symbol of corruption, and woman of tear_politicking to attract woen in usa to vote for her, both obama and hillary were accused of civil rights violations to incite black generation of u s elctorate against chances to win and daage republican mr clean as u s president for rev dr kamal said "u may notelect me , pl do not elct hillary or obama as president of U S A. see below : Thanks to everyone who donated in the Wikimedia Foundation fundraiser! You can still make a contribution, or buy Wikimedia merchandise. Kamal Karna Roy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Kamal Karna Roy Born GUAM, A u S TERRITORY IN PACIFIC Residence United States Nationality U S CITIZEN BY BIRTH, PURSUANT TO u s ACT OF 1978, FOR PEOPLE WHO WERE BORM IN GUAM AND in MARIANA ISLANDS in Pacific Ocean regions ,AND who were LIVING IN usa ON DAY OF ENACTMENT OF THE SAId ACT OF 1978. Other names the Rev Dr Joseph Geronimo , Jr. Kamal K. K. Roy. KAMAL KARNA K. ROY Known for as ACTIVIST IN SOCIAL REFORMS IN RESPECTS OF GOD/S, RELIGIONS, PEOPLE, hUMAN_GOD/S ( PEOPLE WITH LEADERSHIP AND APPARENT OR REAL POWERS TO EXERT RIGHTS ON PUBLIC WITH GOOD OR ANY INTENTION OF PUBLIC OR PRIVATE IDEOLOGIES VIZ LATE Iraqi Dictator_President :SADAM HUSSAIN OF IRAQ WHILE HE WAS IN POWER OF UN_NAMED U.S PRESIDENT/S WITH severe CONTROVERSIES IN PUBLIC POLICIES IN MAINLAND usa OR WORLD_WIDE democracies, SAY A ruling GENERAL IN SOME POWER IN SOUTH ASIA. Education has an M B A DEGREE (m s IN SPECIALISATION IN tRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT FROM suny MARITIME COLLEGE , the BRONX, NEW YORK CITY, usa ; STUDIED ADVANCED COURSE LEADING TO ADVANCED CERT. IN pUBLIC ADMN. FROM usda gRADUATE SCHOOL, WASHINTON dc ( SCHOOL id :578- 80- 4399 ; he has 2 Doctoral degrees in management science in fields of management Science and another in field/faculty of Religions / god/s/people from foreign school He has a bachelor's degree in law from foreign cchool of laws and management. He further took in education s in University of Rhode Island,both at Providence and Kingston , in usa and other schools viz City university of new York,Baruch college, New york city, usa et al Employer volunteer ordained clergy with vow of poverty ( U S IRS rule for ordained clergies in USA .group Handicap interests international world religions group. 107 A Scribner avenue, staten Island , New york city, n y 10301, USA Occupation activist, mobile clergy, electronic preacher of multiple or unique god/s and religions , et al. Title mobile clergy,Political activist USA and around globe; currently he is a u s presidential hopeful / candidate for 2008 electoral competition from Republican Party in New York ; strategist for common / weaker people, disadvantaged people in democracy in usa et al to claim leadership including the 2008 Presidency electoral competition: the weaker people aresegregated and removed from electoral race by stategic powerful block in democracy in U S republic including the news media and news conglomerates. see court actions pending in the main article of Dr kamal Karna Roy. strategist of god/s , religions, people, et al, activist Height 5' 8' Political party Republican ( GOP)of usa Religious stance world religions/ multiple religions in unique body and soul and a proponent of the strategy. Spouse a common law wife Children some, maintained by natural mother concerned Kamal Karna Roy (a/k/a Kamal K.K. Roy, a/k/a Rev. Dr. Joseph Geronimo, Jr.) is a prolific pro se litigant who, since at least the early 1990s, has filed numerous lawsuits throughout the United States and its territories under the names Roy and Joseph Geronimo, Jr., as well as under the names of entities that he is affiliated with, including International Siva Consciousness & World Religions, Reforms International, Handicap Interests International, and Jungle Democracy.[1] Roy's lawsuits are often brought against multiple defendants, and feature long, unconventional complaints. Roy has filed lawsuits against God, U.S. Presidents, Supreme Court Justices, fast food restaurants, foreign leaders.[2], and Wikipedia [3] [4]. Roy's lawsuits have addressed, among many other things, actions taken by President George W. Bush, overcharging by telecommunication companies, the appointment of Chief Justice John Roberts to the Supreme Court, and "failure of democratic societies and God's role therein."[5] In 2006 Judge Michael W. McConnell of The United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit described a typical Roy complaint: Roy, a/k/a Joseph Geronimo, Jr. filed a 115-page complaint, a 144-page amended complaint, and a 40-page second amended complaint against over sixty defendants, including among many others President Bush, God as U.S.-based divine benefactor, several government agencies, The New York Times, and Kentucky Fried Chicken. In addition to pages of rambling discourse, the complaint contains numerous illegible handwritten remarks.[6] The Tenth Circuit went on to affirm the district court's dismissal of the complaint holding that no discernible claim was apparent from the complaint. Judge McConnell also humorously noted that the court "strongly suspect[ed] at least one defendant was not properly served."[7] Most, if not all, of Roy's complaints have been dismissed. A 2006 United States District Court for the District of Delaware opinion, Jungle Democracy v. U.S., describes Roy as "no stranger to litigation" and provides a partial list of Roy lawsuits that have been dismissed since 1991.[8] Despite Roy's lack of success in the courts, his lawsuits have been discussed in law school classrooms and in law related blogs.[9] [10] In April 2007 Roy filed a civil rights action against, among others, CBS Broadcasting Inc., MSNBC, the United States Government, and controversial radio shock jock Don Imus.[11] In October, 2007, Roy filed a suit in the US District Court, Middle District of Florida, against "Wikipedia Encyclopedia, USA, All News Media, All State Board of Elections, Federal Election Commission". See Dkt. 3:07-cv-00994-VMC-HTS. [edit] References ^ Jungle Democracy v. U.S., No. CIV.06-503-SLR, 2006 WL 2616213, at *1 (D. Del. Sept. 12, 2006) ^ Roy v. U.S., No. CIV.06-685-SLR 2007 WL 1109296 at *1 (D. Del. Apr. 11, 2007) ^ http://dockets.justia.com/browse/state-new_hampshire/court-nhdce/noscat-5/ ^ http://www.area603.com/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=1460&blogId=6 ^ Id. ^ Jungle Democracy v. USA Government at Washington, DC & at Denver, 206 Fed.Appx. 756 (C.A.10, 2006) ^ Id. at 757 ^ Jungle Democracy, 2006 WL 2616213, at *1 ^ http://howappealing.law.com/112106.html#019767 ^ http://enmasse.ca/forums/viewtopic.php?p=81431&sid=fbaa29156d22ef55f5adbe22febfcfe8 ^ http://dockets.justia.com/docket/court-dedce/case_no-1:2007cv00206/case_id-38087/ Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamal_Karna_Roy" Categories: Uncategorised people | Year of birth missing (living people) | Place of birth missing (living people) | Living people Views Article Discussion Edit this page History Watch Personal tools Kamal karna roy My talk My preferences My watchlist My contributions Log out Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article interaction About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Donate to Wikipedia Help Search Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this article This page was last modified 18:00, 29 October 2007. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers 2/20/2008 7:36:17 AM Recommend (0) Report Abuse Discussion Policy billmosby wrote: Socialists need to-do lists. That's one reason why past masters at it gave half-day speeches. Think Fidel, Nikita, and, I'll go ahead and say it, Jim Jones. And they were already in power! 2/20/2008 7:28:15 AM Recommend (0) Report Abuse Discussion Policy LISANROY wrote: Thanks to everyone who donated in the Wikimedia Foundation fundraiser! You can still make a contribution, or buy Wikimedia merchandise. Kamal Karna Roy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Kamal Karna Roy Born GUAM, A u S TERRITORY IN PACIFIC Residence United States Nationality U S CITIZEN BY BIRTH, PURSUANT TO u s ACT OF 1978, FOR PEOPLE WHO WERE BORM IN GUAM AND in MARIANA ISLANDS in Pacific Ocean regions ,AND who were LIVING IN usa ON DAY OF ENACTMENT OF THE SAId ACT OF 1978. Other names the Rev Dr Joseph Geronimo , Jr. Kamal K. K. Roy. KAMAL KARNA K. ROY Known for as ACTIVIST IN SOCIAL REFORMS IN RESPECTS OF GOD/S, RELIGIONS, PEOPLE, hUMAN_GOD/S ( PEOPLE WITH LEADERSHIP AND APPARENT OR REAL POWERS TO EXERT RIGHTS ON PUBLIC WITH GOOD OR ANY INTENTION OF PUBLIC OR PRIVATE IDEOLOGIES VIZ LATE Iraqi Dictator_President :SADAM HUSSAIN OF IRAQ WHILE HE WAS IN POWER OF UN_NAMED U.S PRESIDENT/S WITH severe CONTROVERSIES IN PUBLIC POLICIES IN MAINLAND usa OR WORLD_WIDE democracies, SAY A ruling GENERAL IN SOME POWER IN SOUTH ASIA. Education has an M B A DEGREE (m s IN SPECIALISATION IN tRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT FROM suny MARITIME COLLEGE , the BRONX, NEW YORK CITY, usa ; STUDIED ADVANCED COURSE LEADING TO ADVANCED CERT. IN pUBLIC ADMN. FROM usda gRADUATE SCHOOL, WASHINTON dc ( SCHOOL id :578- 80- 4399 ; he has 2 Doctoral degrees in management science in fields of management Science and another in field/faculty of Religions / god/s/people from foreign school He has a bachelor's degree in law from foreign cchool of laws and management. He further took in education s in University of Rhode Island,both at Providence and Kingston , in usa and other schools viz City university of new York,Baruch college, New york city, usa et al Employer volunteer ordained clergy with vow of poverty ( U S IRS rule for ordained clergies in USA .group Handicap interests international world religions group. 107 A Scribner avenue, staten Island , New york city, n y 10301, USA Occupation activist, mobile clergy, electronic preacher of multiple or unique god/s and religions , et al. Title mobile clergy,Political activist USA and around globe; currently he is a u s presidential hopeful / candidate for 2008 electoral competition from Republican Party in New York ; strategist for common / weaker people, disadvantaged people in democracy in usa et al to claim leadership including the 2008 Presidency electoral competition: the weaker people aresegregated and removed from electoral race by stategic powerful block in democracy in U S republic including the news media and news conglomerates. see court actions pending in the main article of Dr kamal Karna Roy. strategist of god/s , religions, people, et al, activist Height 5' 8' Political party Republican ( GOP)of usa Religious stance world religions/ multiple religions in unique body and soul and a proponent of the strategy. Spouse a common law wife Children some, maintained by natural mother concerned Kamal Karna Roy (a/k/a Kamal K.K. Roy, a/k/a Rev. Dr. Joseph Geronimo, Jr.) is a prolific pro se litigant who, since at least the early 1990s, has filed numerous lawsuits throughout the United States and its territories under the names Roy and Joseph Geronimo, Jr., as well as under the names of entities that he is affiliated with, including International Siva Consciousness & World Religions, Reforms International, Handicap Interests International, and Jungle Democracy.[1] Roy's lawsuits are often brought against multiple defendants, and feature long, unconventional complaints. Roy has filed lawsuits against God, U.S. Presidents, Supreme Court Justices, fast food restaurants, foreign leaders.[2], and Wikipedia [3] [4]. Roy's lawsuits have addressed, among many other things, actions taken by President George W. Bush, overcharging by telecommunication companies, the appointment of Chief Justice John Roberts to the Supreme Court, and "failure of democratic societies and God's role therein."[5] In 2006 Judge Michael W. McConnell of The United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit described a typical Roy complaint: Roy, a/k/a Joseph Geronimo, Jr. filed a 115-page complaint, a 144-page amended complaint, and a 40-page second amended complaint against over sixty defendants, including among many others President Bush, God as U.S.-based divine benefactor, several government agencies, The New York Times, and Kentucky Fried Chicken. In addition to pages of rambling discourse, the complaint contains numerous illegible handwritten remarks.[6] The Tenth Circuit went on to affirm the district court's dismissal of the complaint holding that no discernible claim was apparent from the complaint. Judge McConnell also humorously noted that the court "strongly suspect[ed] at least one defendant was not properly served."[7] Most, if not all, of Roy's complaints have been dismissed. A 2006 United States District Court for the District of 2/20/2008 7:24:17 AM 2/28/2008 9:44:30 PM Recommend (0) Report Abuse Discussion Policy LISANROY wrote: we the people in usa may have to dump mccain in case he was not found okay to lead nation,usa Gandelman Bio | The Moderate Voice

Whats 3% matter considering the good that will be done.? I wrote: The climate in America has become stagnant in that there's been a decrease in our actual culture. Education has been watered down dumbed. Americans have become soft-ists to the point of a complacency. Industry in only a shadow of what it once was. Jobs are being shipped over seas at even increasing rates. The majority of jobs available fall into either the technical sales or service industries. In a way economically speaking its like selling air there's no true value as you would have in a industrial economy. The idea is to invest in the people. Obama is asking the elite wealthy of the country who has been so good to them to contribute just a bit more 3% not as a punishment but a patriotic act. Obama proposals or plan is to invest in the people by redistributing a small portion of wealth to the youth the future of America. Investing in education, infrastructure, science and technology. Investing in small business creation leveling the playing field. Simply making small farmers capable of competing in the food markets. Obama's plan will create a whole new renaissance in America To create a new era of enlightenment as such is a renaissance you must start with the youth. By improving the elementary level of education and making it available to ALL Americans will flood our universities thus creating the era of knowledge and arts. Arts in an area severely diminished in our currant nationalism seen in political polls on where we are headed as a country. Our currant education system is an embarrassment when compared to other developed countries. Music has seen a huge decline. When I was a kid it was a popular idea to grow up to be a scientist. You just don't hear that from kids today. We need to excite the young in these areas. I had observed many striking similarities between FDR and Barak Obama. Obama's plan most resembles to me the New Deal of Roosevelt. Roosevelt saw in the international bankers and cooperation's the inherit evil, the greed and corruption that caused the Great Depression. Occasional capitalism needs to be tempered with some beneficial social policies. This I feel is one of these times. Roosevelt spoke: "Throughout the nation men and women, forgotten in the political philosophy of the Government, look to us here for guidance and for more equitable opportunity to share in the distribution of national wealth… I pledge you, I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people… This is more than a political campaign. It is a call to arms” Today: LONG BEACH, California (Reuters) – Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said on Wednesday that failing public schools pose her greatest national security concern, one she warned could undermine the United States' ability to lead and to compete in a global economy. Equal access to educational opportunities, she said, also lies at the heart of one of the nation's most important core values -- the belief in the United States as a true meritocracy. Rice, a Stanford University professor before joining the Bush administration, spoke at a conference of women organized by former TV journalist Maria Shriver, the wife of California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger. As an educator, Rice said it broke her heart to see "kids who might be the next Nobel Prize winner ... trapped in some public school that's just basically warehousing them." "But as a secretary of state, it makes me terrified because ... if we cannot do better in educating all of our people, then we are not going to be competitive in a global economy," she said. "We're going to become protectionist, we're going to turn inward, the United States is not going to lead." Moreover, she said, the lack of quality education for all children jeopardizes the fundamental American belief that every citizen has the opportunity for success, no matter their background or place of origin. "If we can't keep that true for every American, we're going to lose who we are, and then we won't lead, and so it is for me the most pressing national security issue," she said. Rice offered little in the way of concrete solutions for addressing inequities in public schools -- suggesting part of the answer lies in "the best practices" adopted by schools that succeed and "having high standards You all have valid points. I know throwing money at something isn't the answer but we do need to start somewhere.

Does age awareness need to be addressed on Yahoo Answers? Teens are being given the wrong answers because people don't know they are children. I do not wish to make it easy for people to target children. I wish to make sure the kids aren't abused over stupid questions or answers. If we are going to have an open community the answers will be different for children and adults in the social sciences. Please vote in the suggestion forum for this important issue. Have you seen a need for this feature? http://suggestions.yahoo.com/?prop=answers

Do you wanna hear a long joke? A joke is a short story or series of words spoken or communicated with the intent of being laughed at or found humorous by either listener/reader or performer/writer. A practical joke differs in that the humor is not verbal, but mainly physical (e.g. throwing a custard pie in the direction of somebody's face). Some jokes are not funny. Jokes are performed either in a staged situation, such as a comedy in front of an audience, or informally for the entertainment of participants and onlookers. The desired response is generally laughter, although loud groans are also a common response to some forms of jokes, such as puns and shaggy dog stories. Why we laugh has been the subject of serious academic study, examples being: Immanuel Kant, in Critique of Judgement (1790) states that "Laughter is an effect that arises if a tense expectation is transformed into nothing." Here is Kant's two hundred and seventeen year old joke and his analysis: "An Indian at an Englishman's table in Surat saw a bottle of ale being opened, and all the beer, turned to froth, rushed out. The Indian, by repeated exclamations, showed his great amazement. - Well, what's so amazing in that? asked the Englishman. - Oh, but I'm not amazed at its coming out, replied the Indian, but how you managed to get it all in. - This makes us laugh, and it gives us a hearty pleasure. This is not because, say, we think we are smarter than this ignorant man, nor are we laughing at anything else here that it is our liking and that we noticed through our understanding. It is rather that we had a tense expectation that suddenly vanished..." Henri Bergson, in his book Le rire (Laughter, 1901), suggests that laughter evolved to make social life possible for human beings. Sigmund Freud's "Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious". Arthur Koestler, in The Act of Creation (1964), analyzes humor and compares it to other creative activities, such as literature and science. Marvin Minsky in Society of Mind (1986). Marvin Minsky suggests that laughter has a specific function related to the human brain. In his opinion jokes and laughter are mechanisms for the brain to learn nonsense. For that reason, he argues, jokes are usually not as funny when you hear them repeatedly. Edward de Bono in "The Mechanism of the Mind" (1969) and "I am Right, You are Wrong" (1990). Edward de Bono suggests that the mind is a pattern-matching machine, and that it works by recognizing stories and behavior and putting them into familiar patterns. When a familiar connection is disrupted and an alternative unexpected new link is made in the brain via a different route than expected, then laughter occurs as the new connection is made. This theory explains a lot about jokes. For example: Why jokes are only funny the first time they are told: once they are told the pattern is already there, so there can be no new connections, and so no laughter. Why jokes have an elaborate and often repetitive set up: The repetition establishes the familiar pattern in the brain. A common method used in jokes is to tell almost the same story twice and then deliver the punch line the third time the story is told. The first two tellings of the story evoke a familiar pattern in the brain, thus priming the brain for the punch line. Why jokes often rely on stereotypes: the use of a stereotype links to familiar expected behavior, thus saving time in the set-up. Why jokes are variants on well-known stories (eg the genie and a lamp): This again saves time in the set up and establishes a familiar pattern. In 2002, Richard Wiseman conducted a study intended to discover the world's funniest joke [1]. Laughter, the intended human reaction to jokes, is healthful in moderation, uses the stomach muscles, and releases endorphins, natural happiness-inducing chemicals, into the bloodstream. One of the most complete and informative books on different types of jokes and how to tell them is Isaac Asimov's Treasury of Humor (1971), which encompasses several broad categories of humor, and gives useful tips on how to tell them, whom to tell them to, and ways to change the joke to fit one's audience. [edit] Rules The rules of humor are analogous to those of poetry, as said the French philosopher Henri Bergson: "In every wit there is something of a poet"[1](In this essay Bergson viewed the essence of humour as the encrustation of the mechanical upon the living. He used as an instance a book by an English humorist, in which an elderly woman who desired a reputation as a philanthropist provided "homes within easy hail of her mansion for the conversion of atheists who have been specially manufactured for her, so to speak, and for a number of honest folk who have been made into drunkards so that she may cure them of their failing, etc." This idea seems funny because a genuine impulse of charity as a living, vital impulse has become encrusted by a mechanical conception of how it should manifest itself.) These common rules are mainly: precision, synthesis and rhythm. Speed also plays a role, such as enhancing the laugh effect. As Mack Sennett showed in his works, the more frantic the funnier. [edit] Exactness To reach exactness, the comedian must choose the words in order to obtain a vivid, perfectly in focus image, and to avoid being generic (that drives the audience confused, and results in no laugh); to properly arrange the words in the sentence is also crucial to get exactness. An example by Woody Allen (from Side Effects, "A Giant Step for Mankind" story [2]): “ Grasping the mouse firmly by the tail, I snapped it like a small whip, and the morsel of cheese came loose. ” [edit] Synthesis As Shakespeare said in Hamlet, "Brevity is the soul of wit"[2]. That means that a joke is best when it expresses the maximum meaning with a minimal number of words; this is today considered one of the key technical elements of a joke. An example from Woody Allen: “ I took a speed reading course and read War and Peace in twenty minutes. It involves Russia. ” Though, the familiarity of the pattern of "brevity" has lead to numerous examples of jokes where the very length is itself the pattern breaking "punchline". Numerous examples from Monty Python exist, for instance, the song "I Like Traffic Lights", and more modernly, Family Guy contains numerous such examples, most notably, in the episode Wasted Talent where Peter Griffin bangs his shin, a classic slapstick trope, and holds his shin whilst exhaling and inhaling to quiet the pain. This goes on for considerably longer than expected. This joke is repeated again in the fourth season in the episode Brian Goes Back to College when Peter is dressed as John "Hannibal" Smith from The A-Team. [edit] Rhythm Main articles: Timing (linguistics) and Comic timing The joke content (meaning) is not what provokes the laugh, it just makes the salience of the joke and provokes a smile. What makes us laugh is the joke mechanism. Milton Berle demonstrated this with a classic theatre experiment in the 1950s: if during a series of jokes you insert phrases that are not jokes, but with the same rhythm, the audience laughs anyway. A classic is the ternary rhythm, with three beats: introduction, premise, antithesis (with the antithesis being the punch line). In regards to the Milton Berle experiment, they can be taken to demonstrate the concept of "breaking context" or "breaking the pattern". It isn't necessarily the Rhythm that caused the audience to laugh, but the disparity between the expectation of a "joke" and being instead given a non-sequitur "normal phrase." This normal phrase is, itself, unexpected, and is a kind of punchline. [edit] Conclusions When a technically-good joke is referred changing it with paraphrasing, it is not laughable anymore; this is because the paraphrase, changing some term or moving it within the sentence, breaks the joke mechanism (its vividness, brevity and rhythm), and its power and effectiveness are lost. Douglas Adams described sentences where the joke word is the final word as "comically weighted." This saves the "payoff" until the last possible moment, allowing the expectation for surprise to reach its highest point, while the mind is more firmly rooted in the pattern established by the rest of the sentence. [citation needed] [edit] Why do we laugh (model of appreciation) No satisfactory theory of laughter that explains why humans laugh has yet gained wide acceptance. Some of the prominent explanations (that is a humor appreciation model) comes from part of the ideas contained in the psychology essay Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious, by Sigmund Freud (1905) [3]. According to Freud's operational description, we laugh when the unconscious energy emerges to reach the conscious mind; and it reaches it unexpectedly thanks to the techniques used by the comedian. This exceeding energy is rapidly discharged in the form of laughter. Freud distinguishes three fields: the comic, the wit, and the humor. [edit] Comic In the comic field plays the 'economy of ideative expenditure'; in other words excessive energy is wasted or action-essential energy is saved. The profound meaning of a comic gag or a comic joke is "I'm a child"; the comic deals with the clumsy body of the child. Laurel and Hardy are a classic example. An individual laughs because he recognizes the child that is in himself. In clowns stumbling is a childish tempo. In the comic, the visual gags may be translated into a joke. For example in Side Effects (By Destiny Denied story) by Woody Allen: “ "My father used to wear loafers," she confessed. "Both on the same foot". ” The typical comic technique is the disproportion. [edit] Wit In the wit field plays the "economy of censorship expenditure"[3](Freud literally calls it "the economy of psychic expenditure".); usually censorship prevents some 'dangerous ideas' from reaching the conscious mind, or helps us avoid saying everything that comes to mind; adversely, the wit circumvents the censorship and brings up those ideas. Different wit techniques allow one to express them in a funny way. The profound meaning behind a wit joke is "I have dangerous ideas". An example from Woody Allen: “ I contemplated suicide again - this time by inhaling next to an insurance salesman. ” Wit is a branch of rhetoric, and there are about 200 techniques (technically they are called tropes, a particular kind of figure of speech) that can be used to make jokes[4]. Irony can be seen as belonging to this field. [edit] Humor In the comedy field, humor induces an "economized expenditure of emotion" (Freud literally calls it "economy of affect" or "economy of sympathy". Freud produced this final part of his interpretation many years later, in a paper later supplemented to the book.).[3][5] In other words, the joke erases an emotion that should be felt about an event, making us insensitive to it. The profound meaning of the void feel of a humor joke is "I'm a cynic". An example from Woody Allen: “ Three times I've been mistaken for Robert Redford. Each time by a blind person. ” This field of jokes is still a grey area, being mostly unexplored. Extensive use of this kind of humor can be found in the work of British satirist Chris Morris, like the sketches of the Jam television program. Black humor and sarcasm belong to this field. [edit] Cycles Folklorists, in particular (but not exclusively) those who study the folklore of the United States, collect jokes into joke cycles. A cycle is a collection of jokes with a particular theme or a particular "script". (That is, it is a literature cycle.)[6] Folklorists have identified several such cycles: the elephant joke cycle that began in 1962 the Helen Keller Joke Cycle that comprises jokes about Helen Keller[7] viola jokes[8] the NASA, Challenger, or Space Shuttle Joke Cycle that comprises jokes relating to the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster[9][10][11] the Chernobyl Joke Cycle that comprises jokes relating to the Chernobyl disaster[12] the Polish Pope Joke Cycle that comprises jokes relating to Pope John Paul II[13] the Essex girl and the Stupid Irish joke cycles in the United Kingdom[14] the Dead Baby Joke Cycle[15] the Newfie Joke Cycle that comprises jokes made by Canadians about Newfoundlanders[16] the Little Willie Joke Cycle, and the Quadriplegic Joke Cycle[17] the Jew Joke Cycle and the Polack Joke Cycle[18] the Rastus and Liza Joke Cycle, which Dundes describes as "the most vicious and widespread white anti-Negro joke cycle"[19] the Radio Erevan (or Yerevan) Joke Cycle, which satirizes Radio Yerevan as offering naive or stupid answers to questions from its listeners, answers that often satirize Communism, Marxism, Socialism, Russian society, or Russian institutions[20] the Jewish American Princess (or JAP) Joke Cycle that appeared in the late 1970s, comprising jokes about a JAP who is "vain, pampered, spoiled, sexually manipulative, materialistic, bossy, uncultured, loud, overdressed and bedecked with jewels, a bubble-head, a younger version of the Jewish wife, and spoiled by a doting father"[21] Gruner discusses several "sick joke" cycles that occurred upon events surrounding Gary Hart, Natalie Wood, Vic Morrow, Jim Bakker, Richard Pryor, and Michael Jackson, noting how several jokes were recycled from one cycle to the next. For example: A joke about Vic Morrow ("We now know that Vic Morrow had dandruff: they found his head and shoulders in the bushes") was subsequently recycled and applied to the crew of the Challenger space shuttle ("How do we know that Christa McAuliffe had dandruff? They found her head and shoulders on the beach.").[22] Berger asserts that "whenever there is a popular joke cycle, there generally is some widespread kind of social and cultural anxiety, lingering below the surface, that the joke cycle helps people deal with".[23] [edit] Types of jokes Jokes often depend on the humor of the unexpected, the mildly taboo (which can include the distasteful or socially improper), or playing off stereotypes and other cultural beliefs. Many jokes fit into more than one category. [edit] Subjects Political jokes are usually a form of satire. They generally concern politicians and heads of state, but may also cover the absurdities of a country's political situation. Two large categories of this type of jokes exist. The first one makes fun of a negative attitude to political opponents or to politicians in general. The second one makes fun of political clichés, mottos, catch phrases or simply blunders of politicians. Some, especially the you have two cows genre, derive humor from comparing different political systems. Professional humor includes caricatured portrayals of certain professions such as lawyers, and in-jokes told by professionals to each other. Mathematical jokes are a form of in-joke, generally designed to be understandable only by insiders. Ethnic jokes exploit ethnic stereotypes. They are often racist and frequently considered offensive. For example, the British tell jokes starting "An Englishman, an Irishman and a Scotsman..." which exploit the supposed parsimony of the Scot, stupidity of the Irish, or some combination. The British find humor in poking fun at any race, including their own, although this statement is a gross generalisation. Such jokes exist among numerous peoples. Additionally, many cultures have Black jokes, which exploit the supposed stupidity and/or supposed incompetence of people of African descent. Racially offensive humor is increasingly unacceptable, but there are similar jokes based on other stereotypes such as blonde jokes. Religious jokes fall into several categories: Jokes based on stereotypes associated with people of religion (e.g. nun jokes, priest jokes, or rabbi jokes) Jokes on classical religious subjects: crucifixion, Adam and Eve, St. Peter at The Gates, etc. Jokes that collide different religious denominations: "A rabbi, a medicine man, and a pastor went fishing..." Letters and addresses to God. Self-deprecating or self-effacing humor is superficially similar to racial and stereotype jokes, but involves the targets laughing at themselves. It is said to maintain a sense of perspective and to be powerful in defusing confrontations. Probably the best-known and most common example is Jewish humor. The egalitarian tradition was strong among the Jewish communities of Eastern Europe in which the powerful were often mocked subtly. Prominent members of the community were kidded during social gatherings, part a good-natured tradition of humor as a leveling device. A similar situation exists in the Scandinavian "Ole and Lena" joke. Self-deprecating humor has also been used by politicians, who recognize its ability to acknowledge controversial issues and steal the punch of criticism - for example, when Abraham Lincoln was accused of being two-faced he replied, "If I had two faces, do you think this is the one I’d be wearing?". Dirty jokes are based on taboo, often sexual, content or vocabulary. Many dirty jokes are also sexist. Other taboos are challenged by sick jokes and gallows humor; to joke about disability is considered in this group. Surrealist or minimalist jokes exploit semantic inconsistency, for example: Q: What's red and invisible? A: No tomatoes.. Anti Jokes are jokes that aren't funny in normal sense, and often can be decidedly unfunny, but rely on absurdity, surrealism and abstractness of the joke or situation to provide entertainment. An elephant joke is a joke, almost always a riddle or conundrum and often a sequence of connected riddles, that involves an elephant. [edit] Styles The question / answer joke, sometimes posed as a common riddle, has a supposedly straight question and an answer which is twisted for humorous effect; puns are often employed. Of this type are knock-knock joke, lightbulb joke, the many variations on "why did the chicken cross the road?", and the class of "What's the difference between..." joke, where the punch line is often a pun or a spoonerism linking two apparently entirely unconnected concepts. Some jokes require a double act, where one respondent (usually the straight man) can be relied on to give the correct response to the person telling the joke. This is more common in performance than informal joke-telling. A shaggy dog story is an extremely long and involved joke with a weak or completely nonexistent punchline. The humor lies in building up the audience's anticipation and then letting them down completely. The longer the story can continue without the audience realising it is a joke, and not a serious anecdote, the more successful it is. Shaggy jokes appear to date from the 1930s, although there are several competing variants for the "original" shaggy dog story. According to one, an advertisement is placed in a newspaper, searching for the shaggiest dog in the world. The teller of the joke then relates the story of the search for the shaggiest dog in extreme and exaggerated detail (flying around the world, climbing mountains, fending off sabre-toothed tigers, etc); a good teller will be able to stretch the story out to over half an hour. When the winning dog is finally presented, the advertiser takes a look at the dog and states: "I don't think he's so shaggy"Comedy has a classical meaning (comical theatre) and a popular one (the use of humour with an intent to provoke laughter in general). In the theater, its Western origins are in ancient Greece, like tragedy, a genre characterised by a grave fall from grace by a protagonist having high social standing. Comedy, in contrast, portrays a conflict or agon (Classical Greek ἀγών) between a young hero and an older authority, a confrontation described by Northrop Frye as a struggle between a "society of youth" and a "society of the old". A more recent development is to regard this struggle as a mere pretext for disguise, a comical device centered on uncertainties regarding the meaning of social identity. The basis of comedy would then be a plot mechanism conceived to engender misunderstandings either about a hero's identity or about social being in general. [1] Returning to the popular term comedy, it is known to be difficult to describe. Humor being subjective, one may or may not find something humorous because it is either too offensive or not offensive enough. Comedy is judged according to a person’s taste. Some enjoy cerebral fare such as irony or black comedy; others may prefer scatological humor (e.g. the "fart joke") or slapstick. A common gender stereotype that plays on this convention is that men love the comedy of The Three Stooges, while women do not.[citation needed] While hard to pin down, it can safely be said that most good comedy, as with a good joke, contains within it variations on the elements of surprise, incongruity, conflict, and the effect of opposite expectations. The audience becomes a part of the experience, if it is to be successful. Sometimes, it is the fulfillment of the expectation which is part of the experience, such as the long "take" of a Jack Benny, resolved, paradoxically, when the expected happens. Comedy is a serious business, and one only knows it when one sees it or hears it. Comedy is the term applied to theatrical dramas, the chief object of which are to amuse. It is contrasted on the one hand with tragedy and on the other with farce, burlesque, and so on. As compared with tragedy, it is distinguished by having a (the comedies). [edit] Derivation The word "comedy" is derived from the Classical Greek κωμῳδία, which is a compound either of κῶμος (revel) or κώμη (village) and ᾠδή (singing): it is possible that κῶμος itself is derived from κώμη, and originally meant a village revel. In ancient Greece, comedy seems to have originated in bawdy and ribald songs or recitations apropos of fertility festivals or gatherings, or also in poking fun at other people or stereotypes.[2] Aristotle, in his Poetics, tells us the same: that comedy originated in Phallic songs and the light treatment of the otherwise base and ugly. He also adds that the origins of comedy are obscure because it was not treated seriously.[3] P.W. Buckham writes that "the lighter sort of Iambic became Comic poets, the graver became Tragic instead of Heroic".[4] The word comes into modern usage through the Latin comoedia and Italian commedia. It has passed through various shades of meaning. In the middle ages it meant simply a story with a happy ending. Thus some of Chaucer's tales are called comedies, and in this sense Dante used the term in the title of his poem, La Commedia (cf. his Epistola X., in which he speaks of the comic style as "loqutio vulgaris, in qua et mulierculae communicant"; again "comoedia vero remisse et humiliter"; "differt a tragoedia per hoc, quod t. in principio est admirabilis et quieta, in fine sive exitu est foetida et horribilis"). Subsequently the term is applied to mystery plays with a happy ending. The modern usage combines this sense with that in which Renaissance scholars applied it to the ancient comedies. The adjective "comic" (Greek κωμικός), which strictly means that which relates to comedy, is in modern usage generally confined to the sense of "laughter-provoking": it is distinguished from "humorous" or "witty" inasmuch as it is applied to an incident or remark which provokes spontaneous laughter without a special mental effort. The phenomena connected with laughter and that which provokes it, the comic, have been carefully investigated by psychologists, in contrast with other phenomena connected with the emotions. It is very generally agreed that the predominating characteristics are incongruity or contrast in the object, and shock or emotional seizure on the part of the subject. It has also been held that the feeling of superiority is an essential, if not the essential, factor: thus Hobbes speaks of laughter as a "sudden glory." Physiological explanations have been given by Kant, Spencer and Darwin. Modern investigators have paid much attention to the origin both of laughter and of smiling, the development of the "play instinct" and its emotional expression. Comedy has a classical meaning (comical theatre) and a popular one (the use of humour with an intent to provoke laughter in general). In the theater, its Western origins are in ancient Greece, like tragedy, a genre characterised by a grave fall from grace by a protagonist having high social standing. Humour (also spelled humor) is the ability or quality of people, objects, or situations to evoke feelings of amusement in other people. The term encompasses a form of entertainment or human communication which evokes such feelings, or which makes people laugh or feel happy. The origin of the term derives from the humoral medicine of the ancient Greeks, which stated that a mix of fluids known as humours (Greek: χυμός, chymos, literally: juice or sap, metaphorically: flavour) controlled human health and emotion. A sense of humour is the ability to experience humour, a quality which all people share, although the extent to which an individual will personally find something humorous depends on a host of absolute and relative variables, including geographical location, culture, maturity, level of education, and context. For example, young children (of any background) particularly favour slapstick, such as Punch and Judy puppet shows. Satire may rely more on understanding the target of the humour, and thus tends to appeal to more mature audiences. Figure of speech Humorous triple and paraprosdokian Enthymeme Syllepsis (zeugma) Hyperbole Understatement Inherently funny words with sounds that make them amusing in the language of delivery Irony, where a statement or situation implies both a superficial and a concealed meaning which are at odds with each other. Joke Adages, often in the form of paradox "laws" of nature, such as Murphy's law or lemon law Stereotyping, such as blonde jokes, lawyer jokes, racial jokes, viola jokes. Sick Jokes, arousing humour through grotesque, violent or exceptionally cruel scenarios. Soldiers in the field of battle often use 'trench humour' to keep morale up in appalling circumstances. Riddle Word play Oxymoron Pun Non-verbal Bathos Exaggerated or unexpected gestures and movements Character driven, deriving humour from the way characters act in specific situations, without punchlines. Exemplified by The Larry Sanders Show and Curb Your Enthusiasm. Clash of context humour, such "fish out of water" Comic sounds Deliberate ambiguity and confusion with reality, often performed by Andy Kaufman Unintentional humour, that is, making people laugh without intending to (as with Ed Wood's Plan 9 From Outer Space) Funny pictures: Photos or drawings/caricatures that are intentionally or unintentionally humorous. Sight gags Visual humour[citation needed]: Similar to the sight gag, but encompassing narrative in theatre or comics, or on film or video. Understanding humour Some claim that humour cannot or should not be explained. Author E. B. White once said that "Humour can be dissected as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind." However, attempts to do just that have been made. The term "humour" as formerly applied in comedy, referred to the interpretation of the sublime and the ridiculous. In this context, humour is often a subjective experience as it depends on a special mood or perspective from its audience to be effective. Arthur Schopenhauer lamented the misuse of the term (the German loanword from English) to mean any type of comedy. Language is an approximation of thoughts through symbolic manipulation, and the gap between the expectations inherent in those symbols and the breaking of those expectations leads to laughter (This is true for many emotions, and is not limited to laughter)[citation needed]. Irony is explicitly this form of comedy, whereas slapstick takes more passive social norms relating to physicality and plays with them[citation needed]. In other words, comedy is a sign of a 'bug' in the symbolic make-up of language, as well as a self-correcting mechanism for such bugs[citation needed]. Once the problem in meaning has been described through a joke, people immediately begin correcting their impressions of the symbols that have been mocked. This is one explanation why jokes are often funny only when told the first time. Another explanation is that humour frequently contains an unexpected, often sudden, shift in perspective. Nearly anything can be the object of this perspective twist. This, however, does not explain why people being humiliated and verbally abused, without it being unexpected or a shift in perspective, is considered funny - ref. The Office. Another explanation is that the essence of humour lies in two ingredients; the relevance factor and the surprise factor. First, something familiar (or relevant) to the audience is presented. (However, the relevant situation may be so familiar to the audience that it doesn't always have to be presented, as occurs in absurd humour, for example). From there, they may think they know the natural follow-through thoughts or conclusion. The next principal ingredient is the presentation of something different from the audience's expectations, or else the natural result of interpreting the original situation in a different, less common way (see twist or surprise factor). For example: “ A man speaks to his doctor after an operation. He says, "Doc, now that the surgery is done, will I be able to play the piano?" The doctor replies, "Of course!" The man says, "Good, because I couldn't before!" ” The Simpsons is noted for using this technique many times to evoke humour. Former show runner David Mirkin often refers to it as the “screw-you-audience” joke. A prime example is in the episode "And Maggie Makes Three", wherein Patty and Selma are about to expose the secret of Marge's pregnancy: Selma: (Looking at the very beginning of the phonebook) "Hi Mr. Aaronson, I'd like to inform you that Marge Simpson is pregnant." Selma: (Looking exhausted at the very end of the phonebook) "Just thought you'd like to know, Mr. Zackowski. There! Aaronson and Zackowski are the town's biggest gossips. Within an hour, everyone will know. Both explanations can be put under the general heading of "failed expectations". In language, or a situation with a relevance factor, or even a sublime setting, an audience has a certain expectation. If these expectations fail in a way that has some credulity, humour results. It has been postulated that the laughter/feel good element of humour is a biological function that helps one deal with the new, expanded point of view: a lawyer thinks differently than a priest or rabbi (below), a banana peel on the floor could be dangerous. This is why some link of credulity is important rather than any random line being a punchline. For this reason, many jokes work in threes. For instance, a class of jokes exists beginning with the formulaic line "A priest, a rabbi, and a lawyer are sitting in a bar..." (or close variations on this). Typically, the priest will make a remark, the rabbi will continue in the same vein, and then the lawyer will make a third point that forms a sharp break from the established pattern, but nonetheless forms a logical (or at least stereotypical) response. Example of a variation: “ A gardener, an architect, and a lawyer are discussing which of their vocations is the most ancient. The gardener comments, "My vocation goes back to the Garden of Eden, when God told Adam to tend the garden." The architect comments, "My vocation goes back to the creation, when God created the world itself from primordial chaos." They both look curiously at the lawyer, who asks, "And who do you think created the primordial chaos?" ” In this vein of thought, knowing a punch line in advance, or some situation which would spoil the delivery of the punchline, can destroy the surprise factor, and in turn destroy the entertainment value or amusement the joke may have otherwise provided. Conversely, a person previously holding the same unexpected conclusions or secret perspectives as a comedian could derive amusement from hearing those same thoughts expressed and elaborated. That there is commonality, unity of thought, and an ability to openly analyse and express these (where secrecy and inhibited exploration was previously thought necessary) can be both the relevance and the surprise factors in these situations. This phenomenon explains much of the success of comedians who deal with same-gender and same-culture audiences on gender conflicts and cultural topics, respectively. Notable studies of humour have come from the pens of Aristotle in The Poetics (Part V) and of Schopenhauer. There also exist linguistic and psycholinguistic studies of humour, irony, parody and pretence. Prominent theoreticians in this field include Raymond Gibbs, Herbert Clark, Michael Billig, Willibald Ruch, Victor Raskin, Eliot Oring, and Salvatore Attardo. Although many writers have emphasised the positive or cathartic effects of humour some, notably Billig, have emphasised the potential of humour for cruelty and its involvement with social control and regulation. A number of science fiction writers have explored the theory of humour. In Stranger in a Strange Land, Robert A. Heinlein proposes that humour comes from pain, and that laughter is a mechanism to keep us from crying. Isaac Asimov, on the other hand, proposes (in his first jokebook, Treasury of Humor) that the essence of humour is anticlimax: an abrupt change in point of view, in which trivial matters are suddenly elevated in importance above those that would normally be far more important. Approaches to a general theory of humour have generally referred to analogy or some kind of analogical process of mapping structure from one domain of experience onto another. An early precursor of this approach would be Arthur Koestler, who identified humour as one of three areas of human creativity (science and art being the other two) that use structure mapping (then termed "bisociation" by Koestler) to create novel meanings[1]. Tony Veale, who is taking a more formalised computational approach than Koestler did, has written on the role of metaphor and metonymy in humour[2][3][4], using inspiration from Koestler as well as from Dedre Gentner´s theory of structure-mapping, George Lakoff´s and Mark Johnson´s theory of conceptual metaphor and Mark Turner´s and Gilles Fauconnier´s theory of conceptual blending. Humour evolution As any form of art, humour techniques evolve through time. Perception of humour varies greatly among social demographics and indeed from person to person. Throughout history comedy has been used as a form of entertainment all over the world, whether in the courts of the kings or the villages of the far east. Both a social etiquette and a certain intelligence can be displayed through forms of wit and sarcasm.18th-century German author Georg Lichtenberg said that "the more you know humour, the more you become demanding in fineness". Humour formula This article or section does not cite its references or sources. Please help improve this article by introducing appropriate citations. (help, get involved!) This article has been tagged since October 2006. Root components: some surprise/misdirection, contradiction, ambiguity or paradox. appealing to feelings or to emotions. similar to reality, but not real Methods: metaphor hyperbole reframing timing Rowan Atkinson explains in his lecture Funny Business, that an object or a person can become funny in three different ways. They are: By being in an unusual place By behaving in an unusual way By being the wrong size Most sight gags fit into one or more of these categories. Humour is also sometimes described as an ingredient in spiritual life. Some Masters have added it to their teachings in various forms. A famous figure in spiritual humour is the laughing Buddha, who would answer all questions with a laugh